落花生臺南19號之育成

Development of peanut cultivar Tainan No.19

陳國憲(Chen, K. H.)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 76期 (2020/12) Pp. 1-15

摘要

臺南19號係以雜交育種方法育成，母本為花育23號，父本為紅色種皮地方栽培種。2008年春作進行人工雜交，2008年秋作～2011年春作以混合法進行雜交後代分離繁殖及選拔優良單株，2011年秋作～2014年春作進行品系試驗，2014年秋作～2016年春作進行區域試驗，2016年秋作～2017春作進行栽培試驗，於2020年6月通過命名審查。臺南19號為豐產、紅色種皮類型品種，株型直立，成熟收穫期，春作為播種後110～120天，秋作為90～100天。平均公頃乾莢果產量春作為3,122公斤，秋作為2,944公斤。株高39.5～40.4公分，剝實率春作為68.2%，秋作為67.8%，百莢重229～231公克，千粒重581～610公克。現有技術：現有紅色種皮花生為地方栽培種，產量低且易感銹病。創新內容：落花生臺南19號為國內第一個正式命名的紅色種皮品種。對產業影響：將來可增加蒸煮花生產品多樣化。

關鍵字

落花生 ； 品種改良

並列摘要

Peanut cultivar (Arachis hypogaea L.) Tainan No.19 is a high-yielding, red skin type, developed by the Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station (Tainan DARES) in June 2020. It was selected by bulk method during 2008 fall to 2011 spring from the cross of H.I.23 with red skin local cultivar made in the spring of 2008. The single plant selection was made in F5 generation, in the 2011 spring. Tainan No.19 was evaluated in a series of trials during 2011 fall ~ 2016 spring at the trail field of Tainan DARES, Yunlin and Chiayi. Tainan No.19 is an early maturing cultivar and required approximately 110 ~ 120 days and 90 to 100 days to mature, respectively, in the spring and the fall environments in Taiwan. The average dry pod yield of Tainan No.19 is 3,122 kg/ha in the spring crop and 2,944 kg/ha in the fall crop. The plant height of Tainan No.19 is about 39.5 ~ 40.4cm, shelling percentage is about 67.8% ~ 68.2%, hundred-pod weight is about 229 ~ 231 g, and thousand-kernel weight is about 581 ~ 610 g. What is already known on this subject? The existing red skin peanut is a local cultivar, which has low yield and susceptible to rust. What are the new findings? Tainan No. 19 is the first official cultivar of red skin peanut in Taiwan. What is the expected impact on this field? Tainan No. 19 will increase the diversification of boiled processing peanut products in the future.

並列關鍵字

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) ； Cultivar Improvement