斜紋夜蛾(Spodpoptera litura (Fabricius))的起飛時刻與飛翔速度

Takeoff Times and Flying Velocity of Tobacco Cutworm (Spodoptera litura (Fabricius))

歐陽盛芝(Sheng-Chih Ou-Yang) ； 朱耀沂(Yau-I Chu)

《國立臺灣博物館學刊》 59卷1期 (2006/06) Pp. 35-53

摘要

以人工飼料於25℃，75±5％RH，13L：11D之恆定條件下，累代飼育斜紋夜蛾，調查本種在野外的起飛時刻，得知斜紋夜蛾於日落後即可起飛，各日齡的起飛率曲線大致類似，不論各日齡雌、雄蛾，半數以上成蟲在日落後20分鐘內起飛，90％成蟲於日落後120分鐘內起飛。以路徑分析法得知，影響半數起飛時間大多為未知因素，其次依序為風速、溫度、日齡、相對濕度、性別；影響標識雄蛾向性費洛蒙誘捕器的飛翔速度，最主要為相對濕度，其次依序為溫度、釋放距離、風速、未知因素。標識雄蛾向性費洛蒙誘捕器的飛翔速度隨釋放距離及風速之增加而增加，以釋放距離為20m時飛翔速度特別快，釋放距離為1m時的飛翔速度較慢，且此種飛翔行為可詳細分為滯空飛翔、定向飛翔及曲折飛翔，其中滯空飛翔速度最慢而定向飛翔最快。試驗得知在釋放距離10m，風速2 m/sec以下及以上時，雄蛾飛至性費洛蒙誘捕器所需的時間各為67.70秒及65.02秒。

關鍵字

斜紋夜蛾 ； 起飛時刻 ； 性費洛蒙誘捕器 ； 飛翔速度

並列摘要

Tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius), were reared on an artificial diet under constant conditions of 25℃, 75±5% RH, 13L: 11D. We designed an experiment to measure takeoff times for Tobacco cutworm adults in the field. Adults commenced takeoff at sunset. Takeoff curves for adults were the same for both sexes from 1- to 5-day-old. Accordingly, approximately fifty percent of months started takeoff 20 min after sunset, and ninety percent had taken off within 120 min for both sexes and day ages. For the used path analysis method, the most important factor, accumulated 50% flying rate of Tobacco cutworms, was unknown, secondary factors were wind velocity, temperature, age, relative humidity, and sexuality, respectively. The major influence factor on the flying velocity of marked male Tobacco cutworm to the sex pheromone trap was relative humidity. Other influence factors were temperature, released distance, wind velocity, and the unknown, respectively. Flying velocity of marked males to the sex pheromone trap was increased by prolongation of the distance between the release point and the trap. The flying velocity of marked males is fastest at a 20 m release point distance, and slower at a 1 m release point distance. The flight behavior of marked males flying to a sex pheromone trap could be characterized by orientation, zigzagging, and floating (hovering) flight types. Hovering resulted in a velocity of almost zero whilst orientation flying was apparently faster than zigzag type flying. According to the experimental results, with wind velocity below and above 2 m/sec, the times it took for marked males to fly to the sex phermone trap were 67.60 and 65.02 sec, respectively.

並列關鍵字

Tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura) ； takeoff times ； sex pheromone trap ； flying velocity