轉型博物館－陳奇祿先生與省博早期民族學收藏與展示的形成（1945~1962）

Transforming Museum: Dr. Chen, Chi-Lu and the Making of Ethnographic Collection and Exhibition, Taiwan Provincial Museum (1945~1962)

李子寧(Tzu-Ning Li)

《國立臺灣博物館學刊》 62卷1期 (2009/03) Pp. 45-72

摘要

民國34年，國民政府接收日本「臺灣總督府博物館」，將之改稱「臺灣省博物館」(簡稱「省博」)。作為一個直接承續接收自日本殖民時期規制的博物館，改隸後的「臺灣省博物館」卻處於戰後中國國族意識洶湧，反日情緒高漲的社會中，來自中國甫經抗戰的接收人員，面對語言文化、學科知識傳統的隔閡，以及去殖民化的轉型壓力，要如何透過對藏品重新的定位、詮釋，以及展示的意義定型來進行轉型?本文就是從這－個角度，來探討陳奇祿先生在當時省博轉型過程中扮演的角色。根據省博早期陳列部工作日誌(1945~1959)與其他當時的史料，本文「發現」早在接任省博陳列組主任的前十年間，陳奇祿先生與省博之間即有相當頻繁地互動。也就是說，他雖然不在其位，卻實質上擔任省博民族學藏品主要詮釋者的角色。透過陳奇祿先生的引介，省博的民族學藏品才得以和戰前與戰後人類學的理論相互接軌，並重新獲得其作為「古典人類學模式標本」的意義與地位。另一方面，在陳奇祿先生主導下的省博陳列組，在民國51年8月重新推出兩間人類學的常設性展示。以更具視覺效果、更具人類學理論關連性的展示語言，不只密切地整合了抽象的人類學理論與其體的博物館陳列，也體現出陳奇祿先生所強調學術與博物館實踐間應有所互動，並互為表裡的理念。對省博來說，透過本展的推出，也重新獲致了作為戰後臺灣人類學博物館的定位與意義。

關鍵字

臺灣省立博物館 ； 陳奇祿 ； 民族學收藏 ； 民族學展示

並列摘要

In 1945, KMT government took over the Taiwan Viceroy' s Office Museum and changed its name to Taiwan Provincial Museum. As a museum directly adopted from the Japanese colonial system, the Taiwan Provincial Museum faced a complicated situation. In the post-war Taiwan society, with rising Chinese nationalism and strong anti-Japanese emotion, the took-over team had to overcome the barriers of languages, cultures and academic tradition s, and face the pressures that demand transformation and decolonization. How to carry out transformation by means of reinterpreting the collection and reorganizing exhibitions therefore became the major problems the Taiwan Provincial Museum faced. From this perspective, the present paper intends to explore the role that Dr. Chen, Chi-Lu, a famous anthropologist, played in the transformation process. Based on the working log from the Displaying Department, Taiwan Provincial Museum and other material of that time, it is found that, before he chair the department, Dr. Chen, Chi-Lu had kept frequent interaction with the museum. That is to say, although not in the position, Dr. Chen, Chi-Lu had become the major ＂interpreter＂ to the ethnographic collection of the museum. Through his introduction, the ethnographic collection of the Taiwan Provincial Museum was able to incorporate with post-war anthropological theories and regain the status of ＂model specimen of classic anthropology＂. At the same time, under his leadership, two new anthropological galleries were open in the August, 1962. The new galleries, with their emphasis on the visual effects and relatedness to the anthropological theory, not only integrated abstract anthropological theories with concrete museum display, but also reflected his belief that academic research should be realized into museum practice. To the Taiwan Provincial Museum, the new galleries also help to regain the status of one of the major anthropological museum in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan Provincial Museum ； Chen ； Chi-Lu ； Ethnographic Collection ； Ethnographic Exhibition