聖誕紅菸草粉蝨生態及防治

聖誕紅主要害蟲為菸草粉蝨，菸草粉蝨在25℃下，由卵至成蟲所需時間為22.3天，成蟲壽命雌蟲20天，雄蟲13.4天，平均產卵120拉。成蟲羽化時間在早上6－10時最多。10月上旬至11月上旬較為嚴重為其族群高峰，防治適期為9月中旬。菸草粉蝨較喜茂密遮蔭、密閉不通風處發生密度較高。菸草粉蝨之寄生蜂主要為東方蚜小蜂，田間寄生率10－31.7%，以11月19日達到最高峰，寄生峰在田間及室內偏好粉蝨第二、三齡幼蟲寄生。利用黃色黏板誘殺粉蝨，以45°角誘捕效果最好。釋放基徵草蛉幼蟲可以有效控制粉蝨為害。田間藥劑篩選以昆蟲生長調節劑較好，尤其以布芬淨對各齡期若蟲有效，合成除蟲菊、滅賜松及M-Pede對成蟲防治較好。

關鍵字

聖誕紅；菸草粉蝨；生態；防治

並列摘要

The sweet popato whitefly, Bemisia tabacci Gennadius, is the most serious insect pest of poinsettia. At 25℃, its cycle from egg stage to adult is 22.3 days, with longevity of 20 days for female, and 13.4 days for male. The mean rate of ovipositor was 120 eggs per female. Under a constant temperature of 25 ± 0.5℃ and a photo period of 14:10 LD, most of adults B. tabacci emerged from 06:00 to 10:00 clock.Thepopulation of B. tabacci peak appeared from early October to early November. Its control proper timing was at middle September. The natural enemy of sweet potatato whitefly recorded as major parasitic wasp, was Eretmocerus orientals. It occurred at 10-3.7% parasitism in poinsettia field. The population of E. orientals peak was November 19. The adult E. orientals preferred to lay eggs on 2th and 3rd larva B. tabacci. The yellow sticky paper was effective for mass trapping adults B. tabacci. Among 4 angles yellow sticky paper tested, the most effective control was noted obseve at 45°.Mass rearing and field releases of Larva lacewings (Mallada basalis) provided the best effective control for B. tabacci. Several insecticides were then selected to be tested for controlling B. tabacci in field conditions since 1993. The result showed that some tested insecticides reduced leaf injury. Applaud was the best effective control for larvals B. tabacci. Synthetic pyrethroids, demotion-s-methyl and M-pede seemed to be effectively in controlling the adults B. tabacci.

並列關鍵字

Poinsettia ； Bemisia tabacci ； Ecology ； Control

國際替代計量

聖誕紅菸草粉蝨生態及防治

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