有機肥料對不同葉菜類硝酸鹽含量之影響

本研究旨在探討不同堆肥處理，及栽培時期對葉菜類葉片硝酸鹽含量之影響。結果顯示，葉片硝酸鹽之累積濃度，葉菜類種及品種間之差異顯著。以葉片累積量而言，葉面積大且為開張型態者，大於葉型直立葉面積小者；以葉柄及莖為主要食用部位的品種，如芹菜及蕹菜亦較少。葉菜類的型態不同其葉片硝酸鹽濃度相差28倍，施用化學肥料的含量最高，次為雞糞及豌豆渣堆肥，而牛糞、豬糞及樹皮堆肥處理者最低。六種施肥處理平均茼蒿的硝酸鹽含量為葉萵苣的16至18倍。小白菜以牛糞堆肥施用量每10公畝分別在800、1,200及1,600公斤之條件下試驗，其硝酸鹽含量隨著堆肥使用量之增加而遞增，但是產量以施用1,200公斤之處理最高。播種時期不同其含量亦不相同，早（1994年10月1）播種葉萵苣及茼蒿，其硝酸鹽含量分別低於晚（1994年11月12日）播種者65及45%，可見在較高溫之季節栽培硝酸鹽含量較低。硝酸鹽含量日變化亦隨著光強度的變化而有不同，以清晨日出前最高，日出後，光強度及氣溫增高，其濃度亦漸次降低，日暮時達最低點，此種日變化規律，可供為採收時間之參考。

關鍵字

有機肥料；不結球葉菜類；硝酸鹽

並列摘要

The nitrate content of the ten leaf vegetables were examined at harvest stage. Results showed that variations in the nitrate content of vegetable leaves among species were significant. Nitrate content of the leaf tissue for large-leaf, and open type vegetables species were higher than that of small-leaf, and erect type species and other stem-type vegetables, such as celery and water convolvulus. Difference in nitrate accumulation among these vegetables varied from 10 to 100 times. The nitrate content was found lower in the leaves of cultivated vegetables for all compost treatments when compared with chemical fertilizer treatment.The effect of cattle manure on accumulation of nitrate in Brassica campestris L. var. chinensis was studied at the rates 800, 1200, 1600 kg /10a. Results showed that the concentration of nitrate in the plant tended to increase as cattle manures rates was increased. Nitrate accumulation was also affected by time of seeding due to the different climatic conditions. Nitrate contents in leaves Chrysanthemum spatiosum Bailey and Lactuca sativa L. seeding in winter season conditions were significantly higher than that of seeding in autumn season.Diurnal changes in nitrate content of leaves varies with light intensity and temperature. The content of nitrate was up to a maximum around 6:00 and decreased towards the afternoon reaching a minimum at 16:00.

並列關鍵字

Organic fertilizer ； Leafy vegetables ； Nitrate

國際替代計量

有機肥料對不同葉菜類硝酸鹽含量之影響

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