非洲菊氮鉀肥施用量之探討

Effect of N, K-Fertilizers Application Rates on the Production of Gerbera

林燕玉(Yan-Yui Lin) ； 戴堯城(You-Cheng Tai)

《桃園區農業改良場研究報告》 29期 (1997/06) Pp. 22-29

https://doi.org/10.29567/ZHWHGX.199706.0003

摘要

本試驗之目的在探討不同氮鉀肥施用量對非洲菊（Gerbera Jamsonii Bolus）切花產量及品質之影響。結果顯示，在固定施用150 ppm P2O5下，非洲菊定植一年內，以施用N-K2O=200-150 ppm處理之切花產量較高，較N及K2O均為200 ppm處理區增產10%，可見三要素肥料施用量及比率對產量均具重要性；而定植至第2年，以施用N-K2O=150-200 ppm之處理切花產量最高，在4－6月、7－9月、10－12月三期之月平均切花產量依次為1,224、682及1,052支／公畝，較三要素濃度均為150 ppm試區分別顯著增產13.8%、19.6%及22.8%。而在切花品質方面，兩年均以N-K2O=150-200 ppm之處理較佳，梗長小於30公分之劣質花發生率為5.9%，僅為其他處理的0.46～0.69倍，而花梗高於50公分者則佔38.4%，為施N-K2O=150-150 ppm處理區1.34倍。增施鉀肥會提高葉片K%而降低Ca%、Mg%，同時明顯提高非洲菊葉片K/Ca及K/Mg比值，顯然增施鉀肥可抑制植株對鈣、鎂之吸收，及在植體內的運送利用情形，而增加氮肥濃度則有促進葉片鈣濃度情形。經過2年試驗施肥後，土壤有機質含量較試驗前多0.5%以上，而施用200 ppm氮肥試區土壤pH較施150 ppm者低0.2個單位。

關鍵字

非洲菊 ； 肥培管理 ； 滴灌設施

並列摘要

The experiment was conducted in plastic house to study the effect of different rates of N-K2O fertilizers on the cut flower yield and quality of gerbera during 1992 to 1994. The treatments at two rates of N and K2O concentrations with 150 and 200 ppm respectively and 200 ppm P2O5 were applied with drop fertilizer irrigation system weekly. The highest yield of gerbera cut flower was obtained from the treatment of N-K2O=200-150 ppm in the first year, and N-K2O= 150-200 ppm in the second year. Monthly yields of treatment N-K2O= 150-200 ppm obtained during Apr-Jun, Jul-Sep, Oct-Dec 1993 being 1224, 682, 1052 flowers/acre respectively, were 13.8%, 19.6% and 22.8% higher than the treatment N-K2O= 150-150 ppm The differences in yield were noted that no fertilization rate could be satisfactory for long cultivation period consistently. Additionally, the treatment N-K2O= 200-150 ppm attained longer stalk of cut flower than other treatments.With K2O fertilizer rate raised, the leaves K% and the concentration ratios of K/Ca and K/Mg increased, but leaves Ca% and Mg% decreased. It demonstrated that the antagonisms of K for Ca and Mg were uptaken from soil and transport in the xylem. The high rate of N fertilizer treatment increased the leaves Ca% and lowered soil pH, illustrated with nitrification in soil for the phenomenon of NO3^- formation lowered soil pH and induced Ca uptake. The organic matter % in soil was increased by 0.5% after experiment, may be resulted from the root growth involving exudates and cell lysates.

並列關鍵字

Gerbera ； Fertility management ； Drop fertilizer irrigation system