不同氮肥型態對南部菊花養分吸收之影響

Effects of Nitrogen form on Nutrient Uptake of Chrysanthemum Grown in Winter Southern Taiwan

黃裕銘(Yuh-Ming Huang) ； 鄭慶生(Ching-Sheng Cheng) ； 吳育郎(Yu-Long Wu)

《土壤與環境》 2卷4期 (1999/12) Pp. 347-358

https://doi.org/10.30058/SE.199912.0007

摘要

本試驗目的在探討台南部種植冬菊之氮肥管理對菊花養分吸收及生育之影響。以盆栽種植黃秀芳品種，土壤採用美濃（微酸性）及南汾（鹼性）兩農田表土。試驗設有9種氮肥處理，每株苗全期化學氮肥用量0、1、及2克等三種變級，硝酸鈣之硝酸態氮佔化學氮肥之0, 40, 60及100%等四變級，餘者用尿素態氮。每苗12.5克有機肥、1克P2O5之過磷酸鈣肥、及1.5克K2O之氯化鉀。每處理四重複，盆子以逢機完全區集方式置於室外。
結果顯示未施化學氮肥之處理，花苞0.5公分時植株氮合量極顯著較低，而磷及鉀含量極顯著較高。施加氮肥處理，美濃土壤在全生長期皆以每苗施1克化學氮肥者，無論花苞期之全株含量或切花時葉、莖、花等氮含量皆顯著或極顯著低於每苗施2克化學氮肥處理；磷、鉀、鈣含量亦以高氮用量者較高，然而統計上有不顯著、達顯著、或極顯著水準。硝酸態氮比率愈高處理，硝酸鈣用量多致植體鈣含量增加，鉀含量降低之趨勢。
南汾土壤菊花植體氮、磷、鉀、鈣、鎂含量只有切花期高氮施量處理高於低氮處理，然而只有氮含量差異達顯著水準。硝酸鈣用量對植體鈣及鉀含量之影響效應在此土壤無一可尋趨勢。
花苞0.5公分到切花期間，氮、磷、鉀、鈣、及鎂平均尚需45%、26%、34%、50%、及41%，建議應提高花苞形成後氮及鉀肥施用比率。

關鍵字

菊花 ； 氮肥型態效應 ； 養分吸收

並列摘要

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen form on the nutrient uptake of chrysanthemum grown in southern Taiwan. Nine treatments were set in the study, consisted of 0, 1, and 2 g-N/plant and 0, 40, 60, and 100% of nitrate-N at each level of nitrogen. Organic fertilizer (12.5 g/plant), super phosphate (1 /g-P2O5/plant) and potassium chloride (1.5 /g-K2O/plant) were used. An acid and an alkaline soils were used and pots with four replications were put outdoor in a randomized complete block design.
Comparing the nutrient status of treatment with no chemical nitrogen applied treatment to those of with, nitrogen content of shoot was highly significantly lower, but phosphorus and potassium contents were highly significantly higher at flower bud at 0.5 cm diameter. The effect of the organic fertilizer for Mainung (acid) soil was better than for Nanfun (alkaline) soil.
For Mainung soil, nitrogen contents of shoots at 0.5 cm diameter flower bud, and of leaf, stem, and flower at cutting of 1 gram N/plant treatments were significantly or highly significantly lower than those of 2 g-N/plant treatments. Contents of phosphorus, potassium, ad calcium were also lowered but not all reached significant levels. High rate of nitrate caused lower potassium contents.
For Nanfun soil, the N, P, K, Ca, and Mg contents of leaf, stem, and flower parts were higher of 2 g-N/plant treatments at cutting stage, however, only the difference of nitrogen reached significant level.
Amount of N, P, K, Ca and Mg nutrients needed for chrysanthemum after 0.5 cm bud were, 45%, 26%, 34%, 50%, and 41%, respectively. That suggests more ratio of nitrogen ad potassium fertilizers shall be applied for this period.

並列關鍵字

Chrysanthemum fertilization ； nitrate effect ； soil effect