設施蔬菜有機栽培長期施用有機質肥料對土壤性質及蔬菜生育影響

Effects of Long-Term Application of Organic Fertilizers on Growth of Organic Vegetable and Soil Properties in Plastic Greenhouse

羅秋雄(Chiu-Shyoung Lo) ； 李宗翰(Tzung-Han Lee)

《桃園區農業改良場研究彙報》 67期 (2010/06) Pp. 17-32

https://doi.org/10.29567/ZHWHGX.201006.0003

摘要

本試驗自2000至2009年於桃園縣新屋鄉桃園區農業改良場PC浪板鋼構溫室設施進行，主要目的在評估設施蔬菜有機栽培長期施用有機質肥料對土壤性質及蔬菜生育之影響，以施用牛糞堆肥、豬糞堆肥、雞糞堆肥、大豆粕、豌豆苗殘體堆肥及5種有機質肥料輪施為處理，栽培有機短期葉菜類蔬菜。試驗結果顯示；栽植10年後之土壤pH值除施用豬糞堆肥及雞糞堆肥處理仍維持試驗前pH值6.7水準外，其餘處理土壤pH值均呈現下降趨勢，尤以豌豆苗殘體堆肥處理pH值4.0下降幅度最大。土壤有機質含量隨有機質肥料添加量增加而提高，豌豆苗殘體堆肥及豬糞堆肥處理已高逹130 g kg^(-1)以上，但大豆粕處理僅較試驗前（28 g kg^(-1)）提高約10 g kg^(-1)。土壤EC值隨有機質肥料添加量增加而提高，以豬糞堆肥及豌豆苗殘體堆肥處理提高幅度最大，大豆粕處理最小。土壤中磷、鉀、鈣及鎂含量均較試驗前增加。以0.1 N HCl 抽出之土壤有效性鋅含量，除大豆粕處理在30 mg kg^(-1)以下外，其餘處理皆已超過我國有機農業土壤鋅容許量基準（50 mg kg^(-1)），有效性鎘含量，以雞糞堆肥處理最高（0.38 mg kg^(-1)），已接近容許量基準0.39 mg kg^(-1)，其餘有效性銅、鎳、鉻及鉛含量仍遠低於容許量基準。近三年（2007－2009）短期葉菜類蔬菜平均產量指數，以豌豆苗殘體堆肥處理（122%）最高，較大豆粕處理（100%）增產22%。至於蔬菜植體重金屬含量處理間差異不顯著，且均在自然含量範圍內。

關鍵字

設施栽培 ； 有機蔬菜 ； 有機質肥料 ； 土壤品質

並列摘要

Experiment were conducted to determine the effects of long-term application of organic fertilizers on the growth of organic vegetable and soil properties in a plastic greenhouse during 2000 to 2009 at TYDAIS (Hsinwo, Taoyuan). Cattle dung compost, pig dung compost, chicken dung compost, pea residue compost, soybean cake and those organic fertilizers by turns were used, and organic short-term leaf vegetables were cultivated in this experiment. The results showed that soil pH were reduced for all treatments except for the treatments with pig dung compost and chicken dung compost, and the greatest reduction was found in pea residue compost treatment. The soil organic matter (SOM) content increased with increasing amount of organic fertilizers added, and the contents of SOM were above 130 g kg^(-1) for the treatments with pea residue compost and pig dung compost, but only 10 g kg^(-1) increased for soybean meal treatment. The soil EC value increased with increasing application of organic fertilizers, the highest increase was found in the treatments of pig dung compost and pea residue compost, and soybean meal treatment was the least. The availability of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in the soils increased with organic fertilizers application. The 0.1 N HCl extractable Zn contents for all treatments were higher than the limit of organic soil regulation (50 mg kg^(-1)) in Taiwan except for soybean meal treatment (＜ 30 mg kg^(-1)). The values of 0.1 N HCl extractable Cd in the soils with chicken dung compost was the highest (0.38 mg kg^(-1)), and was closer to the limit of organic soil regulation (0.39 mg kg^(-1)) in Taiwan, however, the contents of Cu, Ni, Cr and Pb were below the regulation limits. The highest average yield index (2007-2009) of short-term leaf vegetables was found in the treatment with pea residue compost, and increased 22 % compared with that of soybean meal treatment. In general, the content of heavy metals in plants was no significant difference among treatments, and was within the natural range of plants.

並列關鍵字

plastic greenhouse ； organic vegetables ； organic fertilizers ； soil quality