有機綠竹栽培園放養家禽對土壤養分、竹筍生產及雜草控制之影響

Study on the Influence of Weed Control, Soil Properties and Yield of Bamboo Shoots after Raising the Different Kinds of Poultry in Green Bamboo Plot

顏勝雄(Sheng-Hsiung Yen)

《桃園區農業改良場研究彙報》 69期 (2011/06) Pp. 37-46

https://doi.org/10.29567/ZHWHGX.201106.0004

摘要

本試驗旨在探討於有機栽培綠竹園中放養雞、鴨及鵝等3種家禽對土壤養分、綠竹筍生產及雜草控制之影響。試驗於桃園區農業改良場臺北分場綠竹園進行，以3年生每叢6－8枝之綠竹為試驗材料，每小區分別放養雞25隻、鴨12隻及鵝6隻，以不放養為對照等四處理，三重覆，試驗採完全逢機區集設計，放養期間自2010年4月13日至2010年6月14日止，計63日，竹筍產量調查自5月12日至10月4日。試驗結果顯示，試驗後各處理土壤pH值、EC值及交換性鈣和鎂含量均較試驗前增加，有機質含量則較試驗前減少，Bray-1磷含量除未放養處理較試驗前增加外其餘處理均減少；交換性鉀含量則除未放養處理較試驗前減少外，其餘處理均增加。綠竹筍產量以放養鵝之處理最高，而以放養雞之處理最低。雞常會啄食土壤，因而可能傷害竹筍而降低其產量，在雜草控制上，放養組地面均無雜草，而未放養處理除草次數2次，每次割除雜草鮮重平均為114.9 g m^(-2)。放養前後之家禽體重以鴨增重最高，雞增重最低。綜合本試驗結果顯示，有機栽培綠竹園放養雞、鴨及鵝等家禽對土壤肥力及雜草控制等有正面效應，放養鵝處理並可增加綠竹筍產量，但最佳放養密度仍值得進一步探討。

關鍵字

綠竹 ； 家禽 ； 有機栽培 ； 放牧

並列摘要

This experiment was conducted to study the influence of weed control, soil properties and yield of bamboo shoots after raising the different kinds of poultry in green bamboo plot with 6-8 culms per bush from April 13 to June 14 in 2010 at Taipei Branch Station, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station. The treatments included raising 25 chickens, 12 ducks and 6 geese, respectively, in a plot of 120 m^2 and arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The soil was analyzed before and after study. The results showed that, the pH, EC, exchangeable Mg and Ca of the soil after study increased and Bray-1 P and organic matter contents were decreased in all treatments. The exchangeable K content decreased in control, but increased in the other treatments. The total yield of bamboo shoots was the highest in geese raised plot and the lowest in chickens raised plot. Chickens always poke soil with beaks or claws, it may harm to the bamboo and reduce the yield. There were no weeds on the ground in all poultry raised. The control plot needed to remove weeds 2 times during the trial period. The increase of weight of poultry was 0.19 kg chicken^(-1), 3.10 kg duck^(-1), and 1.86 kg goose^(-1) after trial. In conclusion, there were positive effects on soil fertility and weeds control by raising poultry in organic green bamboo plots. The yields of bamboo shoot increased by raising geese in green bamboo plot. However, further research should need to be done for the appropriate stocking density.

並列關鍵字

Green bamboo (Bambusa oldhamii Munro) ； poultry ； organic cultivation ； pasture