甘藷基腐病發生生態研究及防治技術開發

Research on Ecology and Control Technology Development of Sweet potato Foot Rot disease

張為斌(Wei-Bin Chang) ； 莊國鴻(Kuo-hung Chuang)

《桃園區農業改良場研究彙報》 80期 (2016/12) Pp. 57-70

摘要

本研究旨在調查北部地區田間甘藷基腐病罹病率、評估不同甘藷品種抗感病性差異、罹病田種植前土壤滅菌處理效果及防治資材評估。新北市金山區及萬里區慣行田區進行基腐病調查，調查結果顯示罹病率於7月上旬急劇上升，採收前罹病率達46%。不同甘藷品種基腐病抗病性以桃園3號及台農66號罹病率較低，但仍高達73%及62%，無抗病性品種選出。土壤滅菌處理以種植前1個月處理96.5%邁隆微粒劑400 kg ha^(-1)與對照具顯著差異，防治率58.7%。藥劑處理以40%腐絕可濕性粉劑稀釋1,000倍及60%貝芬替可濕性粉劑稀釋2,000倍處理效果較佳，採收前防治率60.3%，健康藷塊產量較對照分別增加91%及99%；非農藥防治資材以亞磷酸及氫氧化鉀合劑500倍稀釋液澆灌處理，誘導抗病效果約可維持30日，但後期罹病率快速上升。

關鍵字

甘藷 ； 基腐病 ； 土壤滅菌處理 ； 藥劑評估 ； 抗病品種

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of sweet potato foot rot disease (Phomopsis destruens) in the northern Taiwan, to evaluate the benefit of soil sterilization treatment, select resistant varieties of sweet potato, and to screen fungicides and non-pesticide materials for controlling. According to the field investigation at Jinshan District and Wanli District, the disease incidence of sweet potato seedlings increased quickly in early July and finally to 46% before harvest. The screening of resistant varieties against sweet potato foot rot disease showed that disease incidence of Taoyuan 3 and Tai Nong 66 was lower than the others each but still 73% and 62%, respectively. And thus no disease resistance was found. Soil sterilization treatment with 400 kg ha^(-1) of Dazomet for 1 month prior to planting significantly reduced the disease as compared with the control, with an average control rate of 58.7%. We found the chemical treatment with Thiabendazole and Carbendazimat had better control effects with average control rate of 60.3% before harvest and the average yield increase of 91%-99% as compared with the control. The Phosphorous acid treatment induced disease resistance within 30 days, but later the disease incidence increased rapidly.

並列關鍵字

sweet potato ； foot rot disease ； soil sterilization treatment ； screening of fungicides ； resistant varieties