青年農民風險屬性與承受度評估之研究－以北部地區蔬菜產業為例

本研究設計「從農風險屬性評估測驗」，針對北部地區蔬菜青年農民進行調查，瞭解其風險屬性及從農狀態，做為日後分級、分群培育之輔導機制參考。本研究利用集群分析、判別分析、卡方檢定及單因子變異數分析統計方法進行假設檢定，並有效將青農分為積極型、穩健型及保守型三種類型。結果顯示，利用風險屬性評估測驗可有效將不同風險屬性的青農分群。不同群之青農背景、年齡、資金條件、專業或兼業、是否為主要經濟來源、能接受市場價格波動程度及追求回報等變項有顯著差異；北部地區蔬菜青農風險承受度差異主要來自「價格或市場風險」、「財務風險」及「人為風險」。青農在自評整體風險承受度時，可能受個人學歷背景及主觀判斷影響較多，主觀判斷的因素中，以財務風險為主，其他構面的風險可能在主觀判斷中較少被考慮到。故未來輔導青農時，建議加強青農對風險的全面性考量，如此一來在創業及經營過程中，才能較客觀且全面的辨識、分析及管理風險。

關鍵字

從農風險；集群分析；風險承受度；風險自我評估

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to investigate vegetable youth farmers' risk tolerance in northern Taiwan by using self-evaluation test in order to understand youth farmers' risk tolerance systematically. Classification of youth farmers into different groups by their characteristics can be useful for future counselling strategies for the agriculture administrative authorities. The results showed that youth farmers can be divided into 3 groups, and each group is named according to its statistical characteristics. These groups are named aggressive, stable and conservative. Youth farmers in these 3 groups were significantly different in age, financial status, professional/part-time farmers, tolerance for price fluctuation and preferred return. Youth farmers' risk tolerance differs in aspects of price and market risks, financial risks and human risks. The results also showed, when considering overall risks, youth farmers tend to evaluate risks based on their education background and financial status and often neglected other perspectives of risk management which showed subjectivity in this matter. Our study suggests that government counselling strategies should be tailored to youth farmers' needs as a group which has similar needs waiting to be met. And agriculture extension officers could encourage and help youth farmers to consider and analyze risks in farm management at difference angles in order to cope with the problems in startup stage.

並列關鍵字

youth farmer ； agricultural management risk ； cluster Analysis ； risk tolerance ； risk self-evaluation

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