不同肥培管理對桶柑（Citrus tankan Hayata）產量與品質影響

本試驗旨在探討不同肥培管理技術對北部地區桶柑產量與品質之影響。試驗於2014－2016年在新竹縣峨眉鄉10年生桶柑果園進行，試驗分為不同氮、鉀肥施用量、苦土石灰施用及生育後期於葉面噴施不同濃度磷、鉀肥等3項試驗分年進行。調查結果顯示，不同氮、鉀肥施用量處理對樹齡10年與單株產量70－90 kg之桶柑而言，每株施用氮1,000 g及氧化鉀1,000 g可獲得較高之產量、單果重、果高和果徑；但是對果實果汁率、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸及糖酸比等品質性狀，各處理間均未達顯著差異。每株桶柑土壤施用苦土石灰5 kg可以提高果實糖度並降低酸度而提高糖酸比，於試驗後，土壤酸鹼值則較未施苦土石灰者提升0.3－0.7；雖然施用苦土石灰顯著改善土壤酸鹼值和鈣含量，但測值仍低於合適值，需分年多次補充始能改善。於果實發育後期（11月）進行葉面噴施不同濃度磷酸一鉀試驗，隔週噴施磷酸一鉀1.25 g L^(-1)共5次，可提高單株產量、單果重和糖酸比。綜合以上結果，對樹齡10年與單株產量70－90 kg之桶柑而言，每年每株施用氮1,000 g及氧化鉀1,000 g、苦土石灰5 kg直到酸鹼值和土壤交換性鈣含量達到合適範圍，以及果實發育後期（11月）隔週噴施磷酸一鉀1.25 g L^(-1)共5次等處理，可獲得較佳之桶柑產量與品質。

關鍵字

石灰資材；葉面施肥；推薦施肥量

並列摘要

The purpose of this experiment was to explore the effects of different fertilizer management techniques on the yield and quality of tankan in the northern region of Taiwan. The experiment was conducted from 2014 to 2016 in Ermei Township, Hsinchu County. The 10-year-old tankan was divided into three trials: different nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application rates, dolomite lime application, and foliar spraying of different concentrations of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the late growth period. The results of the investigation showed that for tankan with a tree age of 10 years and a yield of 70-90 kg per plant, the application of nitrogen 1,000 g per plant and 1,000 g potassium oxide per plant can obtain higher yields and single fruit weights. After treatment with different amounts of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, the harvested fruits were investigated for quality traits such as juice rate, total soluble solids, titratable acid, and T-A ratio. The traits did not reach significant differences among treatments. The application of dolomite lime 5 kg per plant had no significance effect on fruit quality in the same year. After applying 5 kg of dolomite lime to each plant, the soil pH value increased by 0.3-0.7 units compared to the non-treatment. Although the application of dolomite lime significantly improved the soil pH value and exchangeable calcium content, but the results were still lower than the suitable value, it can be improved only after multiple supplements every year. In the later stage of fruit development (November), foliar spraying of potassium phosphate with different concentrations was conducted. Spraying potassium phosphate 1.25 g L^(-1) for 5 times every 2 weeks can increase the yield per plant, fruit weight and sugar-acid ratio. Based on the above results, the best yield and quality of tankan can be obtained for tankan with a tree age of 10 years and a yield of 70-90 kg per plant, 1,000 g of nitrogen, 1,000 g of potassium oxide, and 5 kg of dolomite lime per plant are applied until the pH value and the soil calcium content reaches the recommended range, and the plant is sprayed with 1.25 g L^(-1) of potassium phosphate for 5 times every 2 weeks in the late fruit development period (November).

並列關鍵字

lime material ； foliar fertilization ； recommended amount of fertilizer

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