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  • 期刊

Ultrastructural Changes in the Frontal Cortex of Mice after Irradiation: A Study of Dose-Rate and Field Size Effect

大腦額葉皮質經X線照射後之超顯微變化-照射野與線量率效果之研究

摘要


中樞神經系統一向被視為對放射線較不敏感的組織,但近來有許多學者認為中樞神經系統在機能上對放射線的影響屬相當敏感的組織。臨床上因頭頸部或腦腫瘤在放射線治療後而引起的中樞神經系統傷害時有所見,對於有關放射線對中樞神經系統之影響的研究雖多,但至今仍無法完全瞭解其微細變化與機轉。但與日俱增之放射線治療以及治療技術之改進,如目前常利用在手術中一次大量照射或以低線量長時間之插種照射,均是為了提高腫瘤的控制,然而其對於周圍正常組織的影響如何?均尚未有深入的研究。 本研究利用dd-系小老鼠之全身或頭部以總線量 (50 Gy)二種不同線量率 (2.0 Gy/min)及(13 Gy/min)分別做大量照射,照射後按時間1,3,5,10天分別屠殺,而利用電子顯微鏡觀察並研究老鼠之額葉皮質,對不同線量率之微細構造變化。其結果發現,在高線量50 Gy之一次照射下,超顯微構造之變化為,神經膠細胞之細胞核內濃染之顆粒增加,染色質成為高電子密度濃染。粒線體產生空胞化與腫脹,高電子密度之細胞質,血管壁之增厚與血管內皮細胞之變性。全身照射之組織變化比頭部局部照射之變化強,線量率高的照射群其變化比線量率低的明顯,而變化的發生時間亦比較早,這些變化在這急性期的觀察中均有隨時間之增加而加強之趨勢。特別是神經膠細胞中的星狀膠細胞其突起與血管周圍組織等的變性最明顯,其他如神經細胞,神經刺激傳達部,神經纖維等的變化較不明顯。由本研究之觀察獲知中樞神經系統之放射性傷害與線量率以及照射範圍有關,大線量的照射下其造成神經組織之傷害機轉,與血管與神經二種組織的變性有關,本研究僅對放射線急性傷害之變化做一系列之觀察與研究,對於中樞神經系統之恢復轉未能有所發現,有待進一步研究,但對於臨床上所實施的手術中之大量照射提供重要線索,即大線量、高線量率之放射線治療對於周圍正常組織的傷害將會較嚴重的,因而減少照射範圍儘量局限於腫瘤組織是相當重要的。

關鍵字

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並列摘要


The dd-strain male mice were exposed to a dosage of 50 Gy high energy x-ray from a 6-MeV linear accelerator to elucidate the ultrastructural changes in the frontal cortex. After a single dose of whole body or head solely irradiation with a fixed rate of either 13.0 GY/min. or 2.0 Gy/min., the frontal cortex was removed at different intervals and observed under electron microscope. The swelling of the astrocytic process and the damage of vasculoastrocytic units were observed with increasing degree following prolonged intervals of irradiation. Vacuolization, swelling of mitochondria, and the presence of electron dense particles in the cytoplasm of neuroglial cells were observed with these alterations being more prominent in the high does-rate group. In addition, persistent degeneration was found in vasculoastrocytic units as well as neuroglial cells in this acute stage. Destruction of the presynaptic membrane or postsynaptic region, or an increase in number of the synaptic vesicles was not seen as time lapsed. Neurons were less vulnerable to radiation. Nerve fibers, moreover, seemed to be the most radioresistant at this dosage and high dose-rate irradiation.

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