灌排水路應用生態工法實施流程之擬議

A Study of Ecological Engineering Methods for Irrigation Channel and Its Implementation Procedures

蔡逸文(Yie-Wen Tsai) ； 陳獻(Shinne Chen) ； 張斐章(Fi-John Chang)

《農業工程學報》 51卷3期 (2005/09) Pp. 74-86

https://doi.org/10.29974/JTAE.200509.0007

摘要

台灣17個農田水利會之灌溉排水水路總長68,780公里，灌溉排水受益面積達約38萬公頃。從灌溉水源經輸水系統至農田灌溉，再從農田排水系統至河川，建構形成農業水域生態環境重要體系，具有生產、生態、生活等三生功能。然而，台灣生態工法議題中較少提及農田水利工程。究其原因，台灣農田灌溉水路係專為輸送灌溉水供農業生產而設置，農田排水路係以快速排水、防洪為主，部分排水路採用混凝土工，以防止崩塌或減少雜草生長阻礙排水。基於上述背景，以往農田水利工程之設計較少重視生態，不利於野生生物之生存。
要推動農田灌排水路應用生態工法，須調整既有之設計理念及實施流程。行政院農委會為促進農田水利對生態環境維護之貢獻，委託農業工程研究中心進行農田水利應用生態工法之相關研究，已有初步研究成果，可提供應用實務之參考。
本文將農業工程研究中心研擬推動農田灌排水路生態工法之經驗，並以柯林湧泉生態教育園區為例，探討其規劃設計過程，根據案例推廣經驗並參酌國內外河川、區域排水等整治經驗，研擬適合台灣農田水利之「灌排水路應用生態工法之實施流程」，作為農田水利事業從業人員之工作參考。

關鍵字

生態工法 ； 農田灌排水路

並列摘要

Amid 17 Irrigation Associations (IAs) in Taiwan, there are a total of 380,000 hectares (ha) benefited from their irrigation and drainage canal systems, of which consist of 68,780 kilometers (km) in length. The irrigation water resources are delivered via their conveyance systems distributing to the field; and through their drainage systems collecting to the river, so as an agricultural water eco-system is formulated. Three major functions of this water eco-system, namely, production, ecology and living, are prevailing.
However, the ecological engineering methods in Taiwan are seldom being applied to the canal system of irrigation utilities, because the irrigation canal system were constructed mainly for conveying irrigation water resources to support the agricultural production. In the light of designing drainage system, fast flashing flood is the main goal of design, thus linings with concrete block are often adopted to prevent the erosion of canal bottom and collapse of slopes, and undertaking weed control. In these circumstances, very few attentions have ever paid to the ecology in the previous design of irrigation and drainage system. Obviously this has resulted in disadvantages maintaining the wild lives.
In order to apply the ecological construction method in the design and construction of irrigation and drainage system, the existing design concept and implementing procedures require appropriately adjusted. In order to purist the ideal of protection of eco-system on the existing the canal system of irrigation utilities in Taiwan by means of ecological engineering method, the Council of Agriculture (COA), the Executive Yuan, has funded the Agricultural Engineering Research Center (AERC) in conducting relevant studies on the ecological engineering methods. The outcomes of studies have presented hereunder for reference and a tentative trials for the practice in the fields.
Furthermore, this study has also particularly compiled the materials of previous studies carried out by this Center (AERC), used ”Study on Ecological Construction Method-Construction of ”Ko-lin-yuong-chuan Ecological Park” as the example, the relevant experiences conducting in abroad, particularly in the fields of rivers and regional drainages, a ”Proposal on the Application of Ecological Engineering Method and Its Implementation Procedures” has been compiled herewith for the reference to personnel in charge of operation and maintenance of irrigation utilities.

並列關鍵字

Ecological Engineering method ； The irrigation and drainage canal system of irrigation utilities