預鑄生態塊石運用在灌溉及排水渠道 之水理分析

The Hydraulic Analysis of Pre-cast Ecological Concrete Blocks for Irrigation and Drainage Canals

賴俊程(Jun-Cheng Lai)

指導教授 ： 張德鑫 ； 陳 獻

中原大學/工學院/土木工程學系/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200600561

摘要

摘 要
農業灌溉及排水渠道在考量輸水效率、減少輸水損失及結構體安全之情況下，大部分皆以架設模板澆置而成。大量的鋼筋混凝土內面工，取代了原有的溝渠及土堤，使得渠道表面光滑且無孔隙，進而塑造出單調缺乏變化的流況，造成生物難以棲息其中。本研究以不影響輸水效率的前提下，研擬使用預鑄生態塊石，塊石採用四種不同凸出高度，並以水工渠槽進行試驗，求得渠道內佈置預鑄生態塊石之水理特性。實驗結果顯示，預鑄生態塊石之曼寧係數介於0.0167~0.0437間，與流量關係成反比與坡度關係成正比，且大於乾、漿砌卵石之曼寧係數。當模型塊石凸出高度為2.5~7.0公分時，分析得其粗糙度介於0.446~1.17間，進行迴歸分析後，得到塊石凸出高度D與粗糙度fr關係式為fr=0.1723D+0.0126及塊石粗糙度fr與曼寧n值關係式為n=n0+n*(1-e-1.854fr)。本實驗結果可提供使用預鑄生態塊石施工時規劃設計之參考。

關鍵字

水工模型試驗 ； 預鑄生態塊石 ； 灌溉排水渠道 ； 曼寧係數。

並列摘要

Abstract
The agricultural irrigation and drainage canals considered the efficiency of supply water and reduce supply water losses and security of structure. Majority canals are designed by the reinforced concrete. The irrigation ditches and soil revetments are replaced by a lot of reinforced concrete lining. The smooth non-porosity surface make the biology survive with difficulty and cause the flow monotonous. This research is planned to propose using pre-cast ecological concrete blocks without influencing to supply water efficiency. The pre-cast ecological concrete blocks use the height of 4 kinds of projection, by the hydraulic model test to get the hydraulic characteristic of pre-cast ecological concrete blocks. The experimental results show that, under the same flux and the manning coefficient lying between 0.0167~0.0437 bigger than pile up cobblestone of concrete, the manning coefficient and the slope are in direct proportion. Another results show that, under different flux, the manning coefficient and water depth are in inverse proportion. When the height of projection of the model is 2.5~7cm, the roughness lies between 0.446~1.17. After regression analysis, the Height D and roughness fr relational expression are fr=0.1723D+0.0126. The roughness fr of a stone and the Manning n value relational expression are n=n0+n*(1-e-1.854fr).The analyses of hydraulic characteristic and estimate of manning coefficient through hydraulic model test will be helpful for the construction improvement of irrigation and drainage canals.

並列關鍵字

Hydraulic model test ； Irrigation and drainage canals ； Manning coefficient. ； Pre-cast Ecological Concrete Blocks

參考文獻

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