應用攝影量測技術觀測河川水位與表面流速之研究

The Application of Photogrammetric Techniques to Measure Water Levels and Surface Water Velocities in Streams

柳文成(Wen-Cheng Liu) ； 楊淑媛(Shu-Yuan Yang) ； 黃偉哲(Wei-Che Huang)

《農業工程學報》 63卷3期 (2017/09) Pp. 14-27

https://doi.org/10.29974/JTAE.201709_63(3).0002

摘要

臺灣現行的河川流速觀測方式大多採用入侵式，但於高流量時期河川水流湍急，只能使用浮標法進行河川流速量測，而攝影測量技術因為具有非接觸性之特性，較其他測量方法更安全且可靠，故被應用於測量河川表面流速，並發展出大尺度顆粒影像速度法（Large Scale Particle Image Velocimetry, LSPIV）。為簡化設站作業，多以二維方式量測表面流速，因此必須將攝影設施設置於水位站，由水位站提供實測水位資訊，方能進行表面流速量測。本研究於石門水庫上游集水區玉峰水位站進行實驗，實驗共分為兩個部分，首先使用攝影測量技術量測河川水位，並與水位站實測水位進行比較；然後使用水位站實測水位及使用攝影測量技術量測之水位來分析表面流速，並與實測表面流速進行比較。於3 次實驗結果中顯示，攝影測量技術量測之水位與水位站實測水位之均方根誤差（RMSE）介於0.007 m 至0.055 m；分別使用實測水位及使用攝影測量技術量測之水位來分析表面流速，與實測表面流速之平均相對誤差百分比（RE）差異為1.55%。本研究證實以攝影測量技術量測水位再進行表面流速分析是可行的。

關鍵字

水位 ； 河川表面流速 ； 攝影測量 ； 大尺度顆粒影像速度法

並列摘要

In Taiwan, an invasive method is popularly used to measure velocity in rivers during normal flow periods. During the high flow periods, velocity in rivers only can be measured using the buoy method. Photogrammetric technique possesses noncontact characteristic and is more secure and reliable than other methods of measurement. It is often applied to measure surface velocity of the river then Large Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV) is developed. To simplify the operation in gauging station, a two-dimensional method is often used to measure the surface velocity. Therefore photogrammetric equipment must be established on gauging station where provides water level information to measure the surface velocity. Study site is located at the Yufeng gauging station where is in the Shihmen Reservoir upstream catchment. Research of this study was divided into two parts: the first, photogrammetric technique solving water level was compared with measured water level, and then the measured surface velocity was compared with the analyzing surface velocity using the applications of measured water level and photogrammetric technique solving water level. In the three-time experiments, the results show that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) using photogrammetric techniques to solve water level and measured water level is between 0.007 m to 0.055 m. The difference of averaged relate error (RE) between the measured surface velocity and the analyzing surface velocity is 1.55%. We validated that the approach with photogrammetric techniques solving the water level is capable of analyzing and measuring river surface velocity.

並列關鍵字

Water level ； River surface velocity ； Photogrammetry ； Large Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV)