探討護理人員照顧COVID-19病人的工作壓力與復原力

Work Stress and Resilience in Nurses Caring for Patients With COVID-19

陳淑純(Shu-Chun Chen) ； 陳美華(Mei-Hua Chen) ； 張倩蜜(Chien-Mi Chang) ； 康美玉(Mei-Yu Kang) ； 謝孟蓁(Meng-Chen Hsieh) ； 張翠芬(Tsui-Fen Chang) ； 粘沛琳(Pei-Lin Nien) ； 錢美容(Mei-Jung Chien) ； 李雅文(Ya-Wen Lee)

《榮總護理》 39卷4期 (2022/12) Pp. 400-411

https://doi.org/10.6142/VGHN.202212_39(4).0008

摘要

在台灣，2019年新型冠狀病毒疾病（COVID-19）的爆發增加了護理工作的壓力。在壓力大的情況下，有必要關注復原力對照顧COVID-19病人的第一線護理人員的影響。本研究的目的是探討照顧COVID-19病人的護理人員在工作中的壓力和復原力。採橫斷面研究設計，調查中部某醫學中心及五家分院之護理人員共333位。使用三種結構性問卷，包括（一）護理人員基本資料；（二）醫護人員照顧高危險性傳染疾病病人之壓力量表；（三）醫療人員復原力量表。以描述性統計和卡方檢定進行分析。結果顯示，工作壓力前三名是害怕自己被感染；感控措施等相關資訊常常變動，適應不及；戴上防護面板及紙帽後，視線受影響。復原力排名前三名分別為：我知道我的工作是有意義的；我知道我的工作任務可以直接或間接的幫助到一些人及在工作上遇到困難時，我會嘗試想方法來克服它們。護理人員的教育程度與工作壓力構面的擔心與社會隔絕的壓力（p＝.009）、防護裝備引起的不適（p＝.013），教育程度與復原力構面的工作意義（p＝.046）；平時有無與家人同住與工作壓力構面的擔心與社會隔絕的壓力（p＝.03）等均達顯著相關性；工作壓力四個構面及復原力兩個構面進行分析，結果顯示工作壓力中的照顧病人的負擔與復原力中的情緒調適達到顯著相關係數（p＝.045）。本研究結果可提供行政管理者在COVID-19大流行再次來臨時，擬定有關減輕護理人員工作壓力及提高護理人員復原力等決策之參考。

關鍵字

新型冠狀病毒疾病 ； 護理人員 ； 工作壓力 ； 復原力

並列摘要

In Taiwan, the outbreak of Coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) has increased nurses' stress levels, requiring a study of work-related stress and resilience of front-line nurses caring for patients with COVID-19. Therefore, this study is to investigate the stress and resilience of nurses in caring for COVID-19 patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a medical center and its five branch hospitals in central Taiwan and enrolled 333 nurses. There are three structured questionnaires, including a demographic survey questionnaire, a stress-related questionnaire for healthcare workers caring for patients with highly infectious diseases, and a questionnaire to evaluate the resilience levels of health-care workers. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests revealed that the top three reasons for work-related stress were fear of infection; frequent changes in relevant guidelines, such as infection control policies, which were considered difficult to adapt to; and a compromised sightline due to the use of protective clothing and paper caps. Furthermore, the top three reasons for resilience were as follows: I know that my job is meaningful; I know my position can help people directly or indirectly; and when I face difficulties, I try to overcome them. Significantly correlations were observed between education level and stress related to social isolation (p= .009), education level and discomfort induced by protective equipment (p= .013), education level and resilience for the meaning of the job (p= .046), and living status and social isolation-related stress (p= .03). To further analyze four dimensions of work stress and the two dimensions of resilience, the results showed that the burden of caring for patients in work stress and emotional adjustment in resilience significant correlate (p= .045). Our findings may help administration managers develop policies to reduce work-related stress and increase nurses' resilience.

並列關鍵字

COVID-19 ； nurses ； work stress ； resilience

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