教科書審定制的合憲性探討

近年來關於教科書的爭議不斷，從吳鳳事件到最近的高中歷史課程綱要，都在社會上引起了爭議；而在一綱多本下，多種版本的教科書，亦產生了極大的爭議。本文認為這些爭議的原因，在於政治與經濟的多種意識型態，都企圖透過教科書介入教育內容。按從我國憲法教育基本權的規定，不難發現教育的目的在於個人的人格自由開展，而國家被賦予參與教育事項的理由，同樣也是在於確保個人在教育過程中的人格開展，亦即教育的目的在於個人，而並非是為了民族、國家。但或許是過去威權教育體制的遺緒，現行的教育體制卻在目的上產生了混淆，多種不同的目的及其所產生的制度，彼此相互衝突，所以現行的教科書編制才會產生爭議。在初步檢視下，本文提出了對教科書審定制度的質疑，然而教育的目的及制度的形成，並非是少數幾個人所能掌控，在民主社會下毋寧還是取決於社會大眾的決定。而社會大眾最基礎的價值決定，一般認為是憲法，亦即憲法是國家最基本的價值決定。所以要確認憲法所採擇的教科書編制及其目的，必須要從憲法的解釋中出發，從發現憲法保障教育基本權與出版自由的真意中，透過違憲審查的檢驗程序，去檢視現行教科書審定法制的正當性，並從事教科書審定制度的法律分析。

關鍵字

教科書；教科書審定；出版自由；教育基本權；基本權限制；法律保留原則；比例原則；國家管制；教育改革

並列摘要

There have been disputes about textbooks recently. From Wu-feng Incident to ”Senior High School History Course Outlines”, there have been several disputes arising in our society. This essay argues that the main cause for these disputes is politic and economical involvement in educational sphere. The purpose for education is for individuals, not for the nation or country. This is a confusion as to the purposes of the present education system. And some purposes are even contradicting another. At the first sight, this essay doubts the feasibility of the selection and determination system of textbooks. The purposes and systems of education are not determined by a minority of people, but rather decided by the majority of people in a democratic society. And constitution is generally held to contain basic society values. In order to identify the textbook regime and its purposes in the constitution, we must begin with a construction of constitution. And we must also use the constitutional protection of educa tion basic right and freedom of speech to verify the justification and appropriateness of the determination system of textbooks, and use theories of judicial review to undertake a legal analysis of that system.

並列關鍵字

Textbooks ； Determination of Textbooks ； Freedom of the Press ； fundamental right to education ； limitations of fundamental rights ； principle of rule of law ； principle of proportionality ； National Regulating ； Edu