一九八二年聯合國海洋法公約在航空法上之應用及其問題

一九八二年聯合國海洋法公約是海洋法成文化其言說與實踐的重要成果。以幾乎相同場域為規範對象但結構並不成熟的國際航空法，如何適用或謀合海洋法公約所確認之習慣國際法或特殊權利規範，值得探究。另外，對此議題之探究，亦有助於對海洋法中之航空法議題，以及航空法中所應對應之海洋規範政策，作進一步的注視。本文以下試圖藉由對海洋法公約中與航空活動相關之議題包括領海、鄰接區、海峽過境通行權、群島水域、專屬經濟區、島嶼制度以及公海，其航空規範隱義，以及對既存航空法之影響之探討，描繪出作為重要領域法航空法的現代樣貌，預測這個實用國際法之未來發展並提出建議。同時透過我國相關規範之比較，從另一角度評估我國部份海洋法律之制定策略與設計良窳。

關鍵字

一九八二年聯合國海洋法公約；國際航空法；領海；專屬經濟區；空防識別區；群島水域；島嶼制度；公海；芝加哥公約

並列摘要

The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (the UNCLOS) has for the first time codified with a comprehensive scale of the judicial narrations and practice of international law of the sea. It would be of great interests to deplore how the international law of air, which governs the aviation activities within almost the same territorial scheme, applies or complies with the customary international laws or sui generis crystallized in the UNCLOS. In the meantime, by the same token, one may be offered a closer look at the air law issues embodied generically in the law of the sea, and the marine policies inherited in the respective aviation regulations. This article is therefore intending to study the legal implications of the selected topics of the UNCLOS, i.e., Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Transit Passage, Archipelagic Waters, Exclusive Economic Zone, Regime of Islands, and the High Sea, and their effects over the current regimes of international air law, so to reveal the latter's pragmatic aspects, and further to envisage the future progress of this growing context. A side evaluation of the policies adopted and the consequent infrastructure of Taiwanese laws of the sea is also provided herewith through the requisite comparison between which and the UNCLOS.

並列關鍵字

1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea UNCLOS ； International Law of the Air ； Territorial Sea ； Exclusive Economic Zone ； ADIZ's ； Archipelagic Waters ； Regime of Islands ； High Sea ； Chicago Conventio