從警察與秩序法之觀點探討遊民之問題

A Study on the Problem of the Homeless in Police and Order Law

陳正根(Cheng-Ken Chen)

《東吳法律學報》 19卷4期 (2008/04) Pp. 153-188

https://doi.org/10.6416/SLR.200804.0153

摘要

本文首先論述遊民的定義以及產生的問題作為立論的開端，並以警察秩序法的觀點論述遊民的概念。依據德國警察法理論，將遊民依據主觀與客觀之形成因素分為「自願性」遊民與「非自願性」遊民，一般而言，兩者皆可能存在對公共安全與秩序之危害，而明顯的是，非自願性遊民形成危害之情況較多，亦為警察排除危害之重點。非自願性遊民所造成之危害，除了上述可能是公共安全與秩序之危害，而另一重點即是遊民本身人性尊嚴以及基本人權可能受到危害，因此為排除上述危害應制定相關規範予以因應，而針對遊民管理規範而言，在我國從法制探討遊民問題之文獻較少，本文參考德國文獻並基於上述理論，檢驗我國目前遊民管理規範之規定，並提出適當建議供參考。遊民所造成公共安全與秩序或個人生命財產等危害，警察必須基於職權採取有效措施予以排除，因而針對遊民之警察職權與措施亦為本文探討重點。另在台灣缺乏直接針對遊民典型或相關的法院判決，因此就實務案例中之遊民個案問題作法律評析，俾提供未來實務機關處理遊民案件時作執法的參考。

關鍵字

遊民問題 ； 警察秩序法 ； 社會行政法 ； 公共安全 ； 危害防止 ； 遊民管理規範 ； 警察與秩序機關

並列摘要

This essay is to discuss the definition and problems of homeless from the perspective of police and order law. According to German police theory, homeless may put public safety and order in danger. On the other side, the self-esteem and people's right of homeless may be hurt. Both situations shall be removed by the efficacious action of police administration. Thus, the police actions to homeless are the key point in this essay. Most of the police actions to homeless are defined in the law of the homeless (the law of social relief or the rules of the homeless in country and town). Based on the history, constitution, central laws and local laws, this essay tries to solve the problem of the homeless and to protect people's right in constitution. Because little research has been done to discuss the law of the homeless, this essay adopts German literature and above-mentioned theories. Also, this essay examines the rules and administrative actions of homeless and provides suggestions for the law of homeless. There are few cases of court for the homeless in Taiwan, thus this essay only comments daily case in the view of law and provides some consultations in executions for the administrations.

並列關鍵字

The Problem of the Homeless ； Police and Order Law ； Social Administrative Law ； Public Safety ； The Law of the Homeless ； The Police Organization

參考文獻

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