我國中小企業盈餘管理行為之探索性研究－德爾菲法之應用

An Investigation of Taiwanese Small and Medium Sized Enterprises' Earnings Management Practices-An Application of the Delphi Method

江淑玲(Shu-Ling Chiang) ； 林麗容(Li-Jung Lin)

《東吳經濟商學學報》 57期 (2007/06) Pp. 79-109

https://doi.org/10.29735/SJEB.200706.0004

摘要

本研究利用德爾菲(Delphi)研究法，諮詢並整合3位銀行放款部高階主管、3位中小企業會計主管及9位資深會計師，對我國中小企業盈餘管理行為之看法。研究結果顯示，除稅負考量及向金融機構融資兩項動機外，符合未來上市上櫃門檻要求及公開發行考量，亦是促使中小企業進行盈餘管理之誘因。在盈餘管理工具應用方面，收入面操弄是中小企業最常使用的方法，包括收益認列時點的安排、虛構收入事項、透過關係人交易操作收入認列等。專家群一致認同我國中小企業的財務報告可靠性不佳，而財務報告使用者可藉財務比率分析及相關資訊佐證，判斷財務報告數據之合理性，包括毛利率、速動比率、營運活動現金流量和純益之比，及關係人交易的多寡、財務報表的註記及揭露程度、公司重要成員的流動率及企業主操守與價值觀等。我國中小企業普遍存在二三套帳情形，在股東對經營團隊有懷疑或強制需提供經會計師簽證之財務報告時，企業會運用盈餘管理工具將帳務進行清理整合，以編製一套符合GAAP之財務報告。

關鍵字

中小企業 ； 德爾菲法 ； 盈餘管理

並列摘要

This paper employs Delphi Method to explore the earnings management practices of the small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Taiwan. The primary study issues are: (a) what are the forces pushing managers to manipulate financial statements; (b) under different motivations, which earning management techniques will be selected to attempt the manipulation; (c) what financial ratios and information can help financial statement users to detect signs of earnings manipulation and revise distorted financial position; (d) at what critical situation company will consolidate sets of financial statements by using allowed GAAP earnings management alternatives to manipulate financial reporting. Results of this study are described below. First, except for consideration of tax avoidance and financing form financial institution, complying with regulations for listing and public offering in stock market are most significant incentives to earnings management. Second, SMEs uses earnings management alternatives to manipulate financial reporting, but the most popular alternative is the revenue principle. Third, for financial statement users, there are some serviceable financial ratios to detect and undo distorted financial position; these are gross ratio, quick ratio, cash flow from operation to net income ratio. Besides, having access to company's relevant information is also crucial, namely, the frequency and amount of related party's transactions, the disclosure level of financial reporting, and the turnover rate of senior executives. Finally, the experts indicate that using earnings management alternatives to consolidate accounts will generally take place when stockholders suspect operation results and mandatory CPA attestation.

並列關鍵字

Delphi Method ； Earnings Management ； Small and Medium Sized Enterprises

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