Irish Nationalism and Its Discontents: Brian Friel's The Communication Cord

愛爾蘭民族主義的許諾與失落：傅利爾的《溝通線》

楊承豪(Cheng-Hao Yang)

《東吳外語學報》 24期 (2007/03) Pp. 35-63

https://doi.org/10.29737/SJFLL.200703.0002

摘要

傅利爾是當代愛爾蘭中對民族主義論述省思最深刻的劇作家，他試著在其作品中解構葉慈對愛爾蘭性所建構的主導性論述，揭露其論述欲建立單一愛爾蘭性的盲點，並且指出民族主義者所擁護的“鄉村意識形態”對當今愛爾蘭社會的不適用性：當愛爾蘭已經逐漸接受現代性且步入現代化的軌道，為了這樣的意識形態而意圖將愛爾蘭的鄉村地方保存在英國殖民前的狀態是不智的舉動。在這篇文章中，我首先將討論傅利爾所認知的一套更具接納性和多元性的民族主義論述和葉慈與德瓦勒拉式的單一及排他的民族主義論述如何不同。接著，我將討論傅利爾在《溝通線》中將民族主義者諷刺為新的殖民主義者。他們將愛爾蘭的鄉下地方定位為保有傳統愛爾蘭性的觀光聖地，並且視當地的居民為觀光的項目之一，他們內化了一套他們不自知的帶殖民色彩的“觀光性民族主義”。為了保有愛爾蘭性(Irishness)的獨特性和純正性，這些民族主義者犧牲了鄉下居民享受現代化所帶來便利的權力，而這樣的“觀光性民族主義”也造成了文化發展和人民生活的停滯。

關鍵字

愛爾蘭民族主義 ； 觀光性民族主義 ； 內部殖民 ； 傅利爾 ； 溝通線

並列摘要

In contemporary Ireland, Brian Friel is perhaps the most prominent playwright who has critically reflected on the hegemony of the discourse of nationalism. Through exploring the various issues and themes that have preoccupied the imagination of the Irish people, he intends to deconstruct the master narrative of Yeatsian nationalism that prescribes a highly rigid narrative of Irishness and to expose the invalidity of the ”ideology of the rural” promoted by the nationalists to preserve the rural space of the country in a pre-colonial Celtic state. In this paper, I will firstly discuss how Friel challenges Yeats's and de Valera's rhetoric of nationalism with his inclusive and multiple ”new nationalism.” Secondly, carrying on his critique of the essentialized nationalism, I will discuss Friel's portrait of the middle-class nationalists in The Communication Cord as nationalistic tourists who adopt a ”colonially touristic” stance towards the countryside and its inhabitants. In the name of preserving the origin of Irishness and Celtic culture, the nationalist practice of museumizing the rural space as the enshrined site of national significance deprives the local villagers' means of expression and results in the stagnation of culture and people's livelihood.

並列關鍵字

Irish nationalism ； touristic nationalism ； internal colonialism ； Brian Friel ； The Communication Cord

參考文獻

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