「國家正義」面對「私人正義」：法國法治與科西嘉族間仇殺傳統之互動

"State's Justice" versus "Personal Justice": the Interaction between French Rule of Law and Corsica's Vendetta

劉文彬(Liu Wen-bin)

《臺灣師大歷史學報》 45期 (2011/06) Pp. 171-215

摘要

在科西嘉社會，族間仇殺是一種原始的法律制度和賠償的正義，它在缺乏強有力的公權力時，發揮制裁反社會行為之作用，但仇殺行為畢竟與法治社會之精神無法契合。過去一百多年間，法國政府為消除科西嘉族間仇殺所採行的政策，常因政府更迭而反覆無常，缺乏一套長遠且深思熟慮之對策，故法治遭遇之難題，如「集體責任」原則之爭議、法官不公正、陪審團遭施壓、證人作偽證、司法制度失靈、政要或執法者涉案等，均無法解決。科西嘉之暴力犯罪率乃居高不下，對法國「法治國家」之形象形成一大諷刺。法國政府若能從延長省長任期、改善司法結構、降低宗族影響力、防範農村犯法之肇因等方面著手，或許能解決科西嘉「私人正義」挑戰「國家正義」之問題。

關鍵字

族間仇殺 ； 科西嘉 ； 私人正義 ； 法國法治 ； 國家正義

並列摘要

In the society of Corsica, vendetta is an ancient judicial system and justice of compensation. It has the function of punishing the anti-social behaviors when lack of a public power. Vendetta, however, is unacceptable in a society ruled by law. For the past one hundred and several years, the policies adopted by those French governments to eliminate vendetta had failed due to the rapid change of the ruling governments and the lack of some long-term and deep-thinking solutions. Thus, they couldn’t solve the difficulties they encountered like the controversy on collective responsibility, the partiality of judges, the underpressured jury, the perjury of the witness, the dysfunction of judicial system, and the involvement of politicians or law-executors in crimes. As a result, the crime rate in Corsica is very high, which is a sarcasm to the ”state of law” image of France. If the French government could adopt the following measures, which were: expanding the tenure of governors, ameliorating the judicial structure, decreasing the influence of clans, and preventing of the causes of crimes in villages, they could probably solve the problem of ”personal justice” challenging ”state’s justice”.

並列關鍵字

vendetta ； Corsica ； personal justice ； French rule of law ； state'sjustice

參考文獻

Serpentini, Antoine Laurent(sous la direction de)(2006).Dictionnaire historique de la Corse.Ajaccio:Albiana.

Abbé Ambrogio Rossi, Osservazióni storiche sopra la Corsica (Bastia: Ollagnier, 1898),liv. I, pp.186-190.

Félice Pinello, Annotazióni particolari pér il Governo di Corsica (Bastia: Ollagnier,1887), p. 62.

Gabriel Feydel, Moeurs et coutumes des Corses (Paris: Garnery, 1798), p.77.

Talamoni, Jean-Guy(2006).Dictionnaire commenté des proverbes corses.Ajaccio:DCL ed., DL.