天真智慧，抑或理性禁忌？關於原住民族漢語文學中所呈現環境倫理觀的初步思考

做為一個自然書寫的研究者，這幾年我始終認為相關研究尚有幾個領域可待拓展：一是對自然書寫的定義再釐清，二是以臺灣戰後小說及詩文本為對象，持續探索小說中潛存的「自然意識」，三是對於特定自然環境的書寫意涵進行探討，第四便是對原住民族漢語文學中的自然意識進行討論。本文則是第四個議題的初步探討。本文並不以文類作為分類基準，亦未特意聚焦於單一作家上，而是將各文類的臺灣原住民族漢語文學視為整體，嘗試先以「原住民漢語文學書寫自然」的相關文本析分出其一般所呈現的環境倫理觀／生態觀。再對幾個核心議題進行思辨：具原住民身分的作家在書寫自然時，其所秉持的「素樸環境倫理觀」，或「傳統生態智慧」、「傳統生態知識」，除了「萬物（山川、動植物）皆有神靈」之類的直觀想像與信仰之外，是否亦隱藏有某種理性對應生活環境的知性智慧存在？若有，則這樣的在地生態智慧，是否能與以科學文明為主的全球性生態智慧對話？且彼此不互斥，為「我們共同的未來」提供經驗？

關鍵字

臺灣原住民文學；生態批評；環境倫理；靈性傳統；自然導向文學

並列摘要

Being a nature-oriented literature researcher, I have believed several years that some fields are poised to be developed: first, this article clarifies the definition of nature-oriented writings; second, focusing on Taiwanese postwar novel and poetry, it explores the ＂nature consciousness＂ latent in novels; third, it investigates written significances pertaining to specific natural environments; fourth, it discusses nature consciousness in Native Taiwanese literature in Han. In sum, this can be considered a preliminary study for the fourth topic. This paper does not use literature as a basis of classification, nor does it specially focus on a single writer. Using the entire Native Taiwanese literature in Han, it analyzes a generally presented environmental ethics/ecological observation. Then, it deliberates on several issues: ＂Plain environmental ethics,＂＂traditional ecological wisdom,＂ and the ＂traditional ecological knowledge＂ stressed by aboriginal writers in their writings about nature. Besides visual imagination and the belief that everything has a spirit, is there an intelligible, rational wisdom regarding the environment? If there is, can local ecological wisdom converse with such global ecological wisdom based on contemporary scientific civilization and, without contradiction, provide fresh experience for ＂our common future＂?

並列關鍵字

Native Taiwanese literature ； eco-criticism ； environmental ethics ； spiritual tradition ； nature-oriented literature

參考文獻

Berkes, F.(1999).Sacred Ecology: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Resource Management.Philadelphia:Taylor and Francis.

Google Scholar

Branch, Michael P.,Rochelle Johnson,Daniel Patterson,Scott Slovic, (eds.)(1998).Reading in Earth: New Directions in the Study of Literature and Environment.Moscow:U of Idaho P.