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Multi-criteria Fuzzy Optimization for Locating Warehouses and Distribution Centers in a Supply Chain Network

供應鏈網路中最佳倉儲與配銷中心選址多目標模糊決策

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摘要


本研究旨在探討供應鏈網路中的最佳倉儲與配銷中心選址策略問題。考慮一個多産品、多階層、多規劇過期的生産配送網路,其包含了固定地點的數個生産多産品之工廣與數個顧客區,和數個未決定建立地點之候選倉儲與候選配銷中心。需決定之決策變數有各工廣的生産計書及所需原特料,倉儲和配銷中心的數量、處理量與建立地點,代應鏈網路架構之配送計畫。此外,在建構本模式時,使用現實工業界中常見的經濟批量運送方式。並且使用數個不同的需求量方案來處理顧客對産品需求的不確定性。在傳統供應鏈規劃中處理這種類型的問題時,常以系統總成本或收益作為目標函數來進行單目標規劃,而本研究同時考慮整體成本最小化、韌性指標最大化、地點選擇分數最大化與運輸時間最小化等四個績效指標。為了能同時滿足四個目標,本模式將形成一個多目標混合整數非線性規劃問題。再利用模糊多目標規劃法簡單易懂與求解方便的優點來對所建構模式求解,並使用兩階段求解方法,在階段一找出各目標可接受的最低滿意度,階段二中則基於這個各目標可接受的最底滿意度上,尋求各目標隸屬度函數平均的最大。藉由兩階段法,使得多目標規劃中的各目標函數能在彼此互斥的關係下,相互妥協。最後,我們提出一個模擬範例,應用多目標規劃法來求解,並發現使用兩階段法,可使多目標問題有相當滿意的解。

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並列摘要


This study considers the planning of multi-product, multi-period, and multi-echelon supply chain network that consists of several existing plants at fixed places, some warehouses and distribution centers at undetermined locations, and a number of given customer zones. Unsure market demands are taken into account and modeled as a number of discrete scenarios with known probabilities. The supply chain planning model is constructed as a multi-objective mixed-integer linear program (MILP) to satisfy several conflict objectives, such as minimizing the total cost, raising the decision robustness in various product demand scenarios, lifting the local incentives, and reducing the total transport time. For the purpose of creating a compensatory solution among all participants of the supply chain, a two-phase fuzzy decision-making method is presented and, by means of application of it to a numerical example, is proven effective in providing a compromised solution in an uncertain multi-echelon supply chain network.

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