臺灣農業經營之特質

The Characteristics of Farming in Taiwan

趙淸源(C. Y. Chao)

《中華農業研究》 2卷1期 (1951/03) Pp. 50-62

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.195103.0003

並列摘要

Ⅰ. The Tiny ms
The percentage of farm households in different size of farms in 1939 was as follows: under 2 ha., 71.86 per cent; 2-3 ha., 13.30 per cent; 3-5 ha., 9.66 per cent; 5-10 ha., 4.4 1 per cent; 10 ha. and over, 0.77 per cent.
Ⅱ. Intensive aid Diverersified farming
1. Make use of the land, to grow green manure or sweet potatoes between late and early rice.
2. Sweet potatos or vegetables are interplanted with the sugar cane.
3. The syetem of 3-yrs rotation is peculiar to agriculture in Taivan.
4. The sprouts of sweet Potatoes are planted in the paddy land before late rice being harvest.
Ⅲ. The predominant type of farming of the crop ha. area from 1938-42 for rice was 44.76 per cent, for sugar cane was 11.43 per cent, and the proportion to the total crop values for rice was 49.46 per cent worth, for sugar cane was 21.17 per Cent.
Ⅳ. Self-sufficing farming and family labor
1. Self-sufficing farming
(1) The average food crop area was 57 per cent of the crop ha. area in 1938-42.
(2) The food consumption of rice farm family in 1931-32 was 56.o9 per cent supplied by the farm and 43.91 per cent purchased from the market. For sugar cane family was 52.55 per cent supplied by the farm and 47.45 per cent purchased from the market.
2. Family labor
The general information about farm labors was obtained by a survey of 116 rice farm families in 5 localities of west Taiwan in 1936-37. The amount for family labor was the greatest, averaging over four-fifths of the total labor, and less than one-fifth was hired. There xere frequently periods of leisure as shown in the study which indicates that the farmers were employed for farm wages or other works, about 55-77 days in the year they had worked outside the farm family.
Ⅴ. Newly-organized co-operative farming
163 units of co-operative farms had been organized in March 1949. The members of these co-operative farms were 18,620 farm families. The area was 17,047.65 ha. in totai, and the amount of paid-up share capital was $ 75,028,550.00, in Taiwan currency. According to the business we may classify these co-operative farms into two ranks, Namely:
1. The first-rank co-operative farms which acts not only co-operatively in farming but the members of the farm are consuming, living and sleeping collectively in their farm.
2. The second-sank co-operative farms which act mainly as the marketing and purchasing agencies of the members.