水稻品種產量對氮肥之反應及期作不同之差異

Studies on the Varietal Difference of Nitrogen Fertilizer Response to the Yield of Rice

楊方平(F. P. Young) ； 陳源泉(Y. C. Chen)

《中華農業研究》 14卷2期 (1965/06) Pp. 43-48

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.196506.0005

摘要

本試驗採用現在推廣栽培之蓬萊稻15品種，用三種不同氮肥用量，即每公頃氮素80公斤，120公斤及160公斤，探討各品種對氮素肥料反應。田間試驗採用裂區設計，氮肥用量爲主區，品種爲副區，重複四次，所得結果如下：
1．供試各品種之產量，經變方分析結果，一期作及二期作F值均極顯著，品種間產量確有差異。品種與氮肥用量之交感作用，一期作及二期作F值均未顯著，各品種產量對氮肥反應之差異並不大。
2．各品種產量對氮肥反應之差異，一期作較二期作爲大；一期作氮素120公斤之處理，只新竹56號之產量增加，高雄68號與標準區（N80公斤）相若，其餘各品種之產量均減低，其減低範圍在1-10%。氮素160公斤之處理，各品種產量均減低，其減低範圍由10-30%。但第二期作氮素120公斤之處理，各品種產量由增加1-10%至減低1-15%，在氮素160公斤處理，其增產或減產之範圍仍與120公斤處理相同，其中臺中65號，農試21號，新竹56號，臺中181號，臺中179號對氮肥反應較強，尤其是臺中65號及農試21號，在160公斤之氮肥仍是增加產量。
3．氮肥用量對產量之差異，一期作極顯著，二期作不顯著。由各品種平均結果，一期作氮素80公斤之處理產量最高，與120公斤之處理差異未顯著（增加5%），與160公斤之處理差異極顯著（增加23%）。二期作亦以氮素80公斤之處理產量最高，但與120公斤及160公斤之處理差異極少。故現在一般推廣栽培之品種，在第一期作大部份不能接受120公斤之氮素，但第二期作之效應較低，似可耐受稍多之數量，但適當用量應由試驗探討。

並列摘要

1. In order to study the effect of different nitrogen fertilizer levels on the yield of rice, 15 popularly cultivated ponlai varieties were planted under three fertilizer levels i. e. 80, 120 and 160 kg per hectare. Spilit plot design in which fertilizer was treated as main plot and variety as sub-plot with four replications was employed.
2. The grain yield was found to differ from different varieties; but the varietal difference in fertilizer response was not so prominent in view of insignificant interaction between variety and fertilizer level.
3. In the first crop, Hsinchu No.56 and Kaoshung No. 68 gave the higher yield than control but all other varieties showed 1 to 10% decrease in grain yield in the plot applied with 120 kg of nitrogen. Varieties in 160 kg showed 10 to 30% reduction in yield.
In the second crop, Taichung No. 65, Nungshi No. 21, Hsiuchu No. 56, Taichung 181, Taichung No. 179 gave the higher yield than control, while other varieties showed 1 to 10% decrease in the plot applied with 120 kg of nitrogen fertilizer. In 160 kg plot, except Nungshi No. 21 and Taichung No. 65 which showed a little increase, all other varieties showed different degree of reduction in grain yield. From these results, it is inferred that the nitrogen response to the yield of respective variety in the first crop is more prominent than that of the second crop.
4. The highest average yield was found in control (N 80 kg) in the first crop; same is true in the second crop though not so conspicuous. It is concluded that an addition application of nitrogen fertilizer up to 160 kg seemed to be not able to increase the yield in the first crop. However, it is effective in the second crop. Further studies are needed to determine the standard amount of nitrogen fertilizer for second crop.