柑桔砧木試驗第一報“二重接”對於柑桔生理形態及品質變化之研究

Study on the Physiological, Morphological and Citrus Fruit Qualitative Changes Affected by Double Grafting

翁仁祿(J. L. Weng)

《中華農業研究》 15卷1期 (1966/03) Pp. 15-22

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.196603.0003

摘要

溫州蜜柑由於果瓤肥短，果肉緊密，含核率低，果肉色鮮紅而公認爲最適製罐之品種，又廣東㰀檬，因近年來被認爲最耐柑桔毒素病之砧木而利用現有柑桔成株全省普遍盛行高接繁殖接穗及種子，惟『二重接』柑桔易受不同砧木之影響而改變生理形態及品質等，本試驗從民國五十三年一七月起至民國五十四年六月止計一年其目的在調查『二重接』柑桔之生理形態及品質之變化觀察柑桔『二重接』各組合間之親和性與血綠關係以探究『二重接』在柑桔上之實用價值。
1．本省現有各種砧木之溫州蜜柑果實分析結果，枳殼砧者果瓤最肥短，含核率低，可減低崩裂率，節省工資，且果肉鮮紅，商品價值高，廣東㰀檬或酸桔砧者，品質均感有遜色，尤其酸桔砧，再加椪柑爲中間砧木之慍州蜜柑二重接者，果實品質由於果形高，果瓤瘦長，果皮瓤皮均厚果肉百分率低，製罐時之崩裂率，成本均高，果肉淡白，製品價值低，不適於製罐。酸桔砧桶柑再嫁接溫州蜜柑時似乎發生二重接溫州蜜柑同化養料不易通過遠綠之桶柑層，而果型反變扁平，果汁成份較濃厚之現象，惟果肉組識粗糙，肉色淡，製罐價值仍低。
2．各種不同砧木之廣東㰀檬果實分析結果；晚崙西亞橙、華盛頓臍橙、桶柑及椪柑等中間砧木並不影響二重接廣東㰀檬之果形果肉、果汁成份等，僅果汁成份平均略見減少含核率除晚崙西亞橙當中間砧木者以外，均減低，不合栽培目的。但二重接廣東㰀檬之含核率之增減與砧穗間之血綠關係及中間砧木含核率間，似乎無相關關係。
3，酸桔作砧木採用近綠之椪柑爲中間砧木，再接溫州蜜柑時，中間砧木之細胞組識易影響至接穗，改變原有溫州蜜柑之細胞組識，細胞中膠層顯明，細胞間隙多，但以較遠綠之桶柑爲中間砧木時，即不致於影響接穗部細胞組識。
4．酸桔作砧木以他品種柑桔爲中間砧木，再嫁接廣東㰀檬時，不論中間砧木與接穗間之血綠關係如何，中間砧木均不易改變接穗廣東㰀檬之細胞組識。
5．此等生理形態及品質之變化，是否限於一代或可遺傳至後代等問題，須再經一代之嫁接方能決定。

並列摘要

Using topworked trees, a study was made on the effect of an intermediate stock on physiological, morphological and qualitative changes of fruits of Citrus varieties grown in northern Taiwan. The rootstocks used were Sunki or Trifoliate orange and the scion varieties were Satsuma orange and Rangpur lime. In Rangpur lime, it was found that there is no appreciable difference in fruit form, juice composition whether Washington Navel, Valencia, Tankan or Ponkan were used as an intermediate stock. However, Rangpur lime on Sunki rootstock with an intermediate stock of Tankan produced fruits of decidedly inferior quality. In Satsuma orange, Trifoliate orange rootstock produced fruits of the best qualities in comparison with that produced by Sunki and Rangpur lime. As the same in Rangpur lime, Ponkan-intermediate-stock produced fruits of inferior quality in Satsuma orange.
Anatomical changes in the pith of young shoot was suspected due to the influence of an intermediate stock, but further study is needed to clearify this point.