臺灣水田土壤之養分滲瀘損失研究　（第一報）硫酸銨與尿素對水稻之效應及其在水田土壤中之中滲濾損失情況

Studies on Leaching Loss of Plant Nutrients in Paddy Soils of Taiwan Part Ⅰ. Comparison on the Effect of ammonium Sulfate and Urea on Paddy Rice and Leaching Loss of Plant Nutrients in Paddy Soils of

徐水泉(S. C. Hsu) ； 林明華(M. F. Lin) ； 邱再發(T. F. Chiu) ； 李蘭帝(L. T. Lee) ； 黃文良(W. U. Huang)

《中華農業研究》 16卷3期 (1967/09) Pp. 33-43

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.196709.0006

摘要

On fertilization effect and leaching loss of plant nutrients as affected by the application of ammonium sulfate and urea, a lysimeter experiment was conducted from 1961 to 1964, using four kinds of major paddy soils of Taiwan. The results obtained were summarized as follows:
1. Ammonium sulfate had higher yields of grain and straw than urea despite of little difference in plant height and number of tillers by the two nitrogenous fertilizers. The yield indexes of grain and straw in the urea plot averages 96 and 94 individaully when those of ammonium sulfate were taken as 100. Of varied paddy soils, both of Pingtung and Taipei silt loam had almost the same or/and rather better effect on grain yield by the supply of urea as compared with ammonium sulfate, but Chungli and Yuanlin silty clay loam gave fairly low yield of grain conversely. The yields of straw in the different soils were consistently low with urea application.
2. The greater rates of nitrogen uptake by rice plants were seen in the ammonium sulfate plot than in the urea plot, resulting in 38.12% and 32.55% respectively. The trend is always true with all kinds of tested paddy soils.
3. The amount of leachate and loss of plant nutrients by percolation apparently differs from the kinds of paddy soils and crop seasons. In general, the leaching loss of plant nutrients was in pararell with the amount of leachate. The magnitude of the element loss by leaching was as the following order; Ca＞Mg＞K＞N＞P. The loss of N and K was greater in Taipei and Yuanlin soils and that of Ca, Mg and P was distinct in the neutral soils of Yuanlin and Pingtung.
4. The amount of leachate of nitrogen in NO3-N is more than in NH4-N, but differs from the nitrogenous fertilizers. The leaching loss of NH4-N was higher in the ammonium sulfate plot than in the urea plot, but that of NO3-N was resulted in its contrary.
5. There was little difference in the leaching loss of nitrogen as affected by additional supply of urea and ammonium sulfate. The drain-out of nitrogen with percolation rated 6.21% in the ammonium sulfate plot and 6.04% in the urea plot. The rate of leaching loss was higher in the 1st crop than in the 2nd crop. Chungli and Taipei acidic soils had higher rates than neutral Yuanlin and Pingtung soils.
6. The effectiveness of urea on the grain yields is less than that in ammonium sulfate. It was found to be not due to the higher ammount of leaching loss of nitrogen in urea than in ammonium sulfate.

並列摘要

On fertilization effect and leaching loss of plant nutrients as affected by the application of ammonium sulfate and urea, a lysimeter experiment was conducted from 1961 to 1964, using four kinds of major paddy soils of Taiwan. The results obtained were summarized as follows:
1. Ammonium sulfate had higher yields of grain and straw than urea despite of little difference in plant height and number of tillers by the two nitrogenous fertilizers. The yield indexes of grain and straw in the urea plot averages 96 and 94 individaully when those of ammonium sulfate were taken as 100. Of varied paddy soils, both of Pingtung and Taipei silt loam had almost the same or/and rather better effect on grain yield by the supply of urea as compared with ammonium sulfate, but Chungli and Yuanlin silty clay loam gave fairly low yield of grain conversely. The yields of straw in the different soils were consistently low with urea application.
2. The greater rates of nitrogen uptake by rice plants were seen in the ammonium sulfate plot than in the urea plot, resulting in 38.12% and 32.55% respectively. The trend is always true with all kinds of tested paddy soils.
3. The amount of leachate and loss of plant nutrients by percolation apparently differs from the kinds of paddy soils and crop seasons. In general, the leaching loss of plant nutrients was in pararell with the amount of leachate. The magnitude of the element loss by leaching was as the following order; Ca＞Mg＞K＞N＞P. The loss of N and K was greater in Taipei and Yuanlin soils and that of Ca, Mg and P was distinct in the neutral soils of Yuanlin and Pingtung.
4. The amount of leachate of nitrogen in NO3-N is more than in NH4-N, but differs from the nitrogenous fertilizers. The leaching loss of NH4-N was higher in the ammonium sulfate plot than in the urea plot, but that of NO3-N was resulted in its contrary.
5. There was little difference in the leaching loss of nitrogen as affected by additional supply of urea and ammonium sulfate. The drain-out of nitrogen with percolation rated 6.21% in the ammonium sulfate plot and 6.04% in the urea plot. The rate of leaching loss was higher in the 1st crop than in the 2nd crop. Chungli and Taipei acidic soils had higher rates than neutral Yuanlin and Pingtung soils.
6. The effectiveness of urea on the grain yields is less than that in ammonium sulfate. It was found to be not due to the higher ammount of leaching loss of nitrogen in urea than in ammonium sulfate.