木瓜炭疽病生態生理之研究及防治

Studies on Ecology and Physiology of Papaya Anthracnose and Its Control

蔡武雄(W. H. Tsai)

《中華農業研究》 18卷2期 (1969/06) Pp. 51-57

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.196906.0007

摘要

1．木瓜炭疽病爲木瓜果實最重要之病害，影響品質，外觀甚巨。
2．本病爲潛伏感染，當果實未成熟時，病原菌已經潛伏，但並不顯出病徵，直至果實成熟時，才顯出水浸狀，圓形向下凹之病斑，病斑表面產生粉紅色同心輪紋之孢子。
3．從木瓜植株各部份均可分離出病原菌，但以成熟果，未成熟，幼果果梗最多，莖葉、葉柄亦可分離得到。
4．本病最適發生溫度在25°~30℃，濕度越高越易發生，全年均可發生。
5．收穫後的果實以溫水45°~49℃經10分鐘處理可抑制病斑之擴大，即可將潛伏果肉內之菌絲致死，在田間以Orthocide. Piomycin. Dithane M45可以防治之。

並列摘要

1. Papaya anthreanose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is one of the most important fruit-rotting diseases, which affected the appearance and quality of papaya fruits greatly.
2. The disease was called ”latent infection”, because infection took place in immature fruit, and remained dormant in the fruit. When the fruit ripened, it formed small, water-soaked spots which gradually enlarge into circular sunken lesions. In these lesions produced concentric rings of pink spore masses.
3. Anthracnose fungus was isolated from papaya plant and various growing stages of papaya fruit. Among them, more anthracnose fungus was isolated from ripened fruit, immature fruit, early setting fruit and stem of fruit, whereas less anthrcanose fungus was isolated from stem, leaf and petiole.
4. The disease occurred arround the year, the optimum temperature for this disease was found 25-30°C. As regard to moisture, the higher the moisture, the severer the disease.
5. The lesions on the fruits stopped growing when papaya fruits were tested with hot-water of 45-49℃. Some fungicides, such as Orthocide, Piomycin and Dithane M45 were found to be rather effective for the control of this disease.