殺蟲劑對小菜蛾小繭蜂Apanteles plutellae之毒性測定

Studies on the Toxicity of Insecticides to Parasite (Apanteles plutellae) of diamond-back Moth

張良傳(Liang-Chuan Chang)

《中華農業研究》 23卷2期 (1974/06) Pp. 143-148

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.197406.0006

摘要

依照本省現行推廣之11種蔬菜用殺蟲劑之使用濃度，以尼龍綱浸藥接觸，經6、12、24、36、48、72、96及120小時，分別觀察其對小菜蛾小繭蜂(Apanteles plutelae)之毒殺致死情形。以DDVP，Elsan，Phosdrin及Lannate經6小時，Salithion與Bayrusil經12小時，Dibrom經24小時，Diazinon經48小時均可使其全部死亡，惟Actellic，Padan及Pirimor經120小時尚有部份生存者。各藥劑在白菜上之殘留毒性對小繭蜂之毒殺能力差異頗大，施藥後3天接入小繭蜂者，以Bayrusil，Elsan，Salithion，DDVP及Lannate經1~3天均全數死亡，而Diazinon則需經7天時間方能全部致死，其他藥劑之毒性均顯著低弱，死亡率在8~69%之間，即Pirimor 8.33%，Phosdrin 22.22%，其他藥劑則為25~69%死亡率。施藥後5天接入小繭蜂，則Bayrusil，Lannate，Salithion，及各處理之小繭蜂均全部死亡，而Elsan，DDVP與Phosdrin之處理毒性似已消失，其他處理之死亡率在14~44%之間。施藥後7天接入小繭蜂時，多數藥劑對小繭蜂之毒性均已消失，僅Lannate，Salithion，Bayrusil及Elsan之致死率在27~50%之間。但施藥後經9天後接放小繭蜂時，僅Lannate尚有2.7%死亡率，其他各種藥劑對小繭蜂均無毒殺作用。

並列摘要

The intent of this experiment is to present the insecticidal toxicity to a common parasite in cabbage field, for understanding the effect of the acute and chronical toxicity of the commercial insecticides which are commonly used in this island, two categories of organdy bag and cabbage pot were set for this purpose, the insecticides of DDVP, Elsan, Lannate, Bayrusil, Hosdrin, Salithion, Dibrom, Diazinon, Pirimor, Actellic and Padan were selected and diluted into 0.05% active ingredient for this test.
In the 1st group, 20 adult parasites were released into the organdy bag which had been dipped and dried up for 4 hours, by the contact the mortality of parasite was counted on 6th, 12th, 24th, 36th, 48th, 72th, 96th and 120th hours after the release. The results showed that DDVP, Elsan, Hosdrin and Lannate killed the parasite completely after 6 hours late, Bayrusil, Dibrom and Diazinon killed after 12, 24 and 48 hours respectively, but only Pirimor, Actellic and Padan caused the parasite 22%, 72% and 83% mortality after 5 days.
In the 2nd group, the same concentration of the insecticides was treated on cabbage which growing in the pot for the chronical test, also 20 adult parasites were caged on 3th, 5th, 7th and 9th day after the treatment, the mortality of parasites was counted every day after the caging, the results showed that after 3 days of spraying, Bayrusil, Elsan, Salithion, DDVP, Dibrom, Diazinon and Lannate caused the complete killed to the parasites, although the other insecticides didn't present so serious but still had more than 69% mortality shown; after 5 days, only DDVP and Hosdrin showed no toxicity to the parasites, Pirimor, Dibrom, Actellic, Djazinon and Padan caused 14~42% degrees of mortality, but the other insecticides still presented serious toxicity; after 7 days, Bayrusil, Lannate, Salithion, Elsan, Diazinon and Padan killed the parasites around 5~54% the others were no toxicity; after 9 days, the most insecticides treatment showed safe to the parasites but only the Lannate still with 2.7% mortality.
For the protection of the parasite, Apanteles plutellae, on the cabbage, the above results would be available to suggest the release of this natural enemy at the unharmful time.