數種殺蟲劑對小菜蛾幼蟲、蛹及成蟲之毒性

Toxicity of Some lnsecticides against Larvae, Pupae and Adults of Diamondback Moth

王文哲(Wen-Jer Wang) ； 劉達修(Ta-Shiu Liu)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 32期 (1991/09) Pp. 25-31

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.199109.0025

摘要

小菜蛾（Plutella xylostella L.）為十字花科蔬菜重要害蟲，由於其世代又短，繁殖力強，並具高度之適應性，又易產生抗藥性，使該蟲對十字花科蔬菜之危害與日俱增。本試驗測定選19種常用藥劑，對小菜蛾幼蟲、蛹及成蟲之毒性。結果對成蟲毒殺效果較好的有50% Cartap W.P. 1000倍、50% Phenthoate E.C. 1000倍、50% Dichlorvos E.C. 1000倍、35% Phosalone E.C. 1000倍及50% Thiocyclam hydrogenoxalate W.P. 1500倍等五種藥劑，處理後72小時之致死率為90.7%～100%。對幼蟲之毒殺效果僅50% Thiocyclam hydrogenoxalate W.P. 1500倍較佳，處理後72小時之致死率為94.6%。所有藥劑對蛹之毒殺效果均不理想，只有50% Thiocyclam hydrogenoxalate W.P. 1500倍有57.1%之致死率，其原因可能係其外層被有一層薄繭，藥劑無法觸及蛹體所致。為對付抗藥性小菜蛾之危害，依目前之情況可選用上述較佳藥劑3～4種，並配合蘇力菌輪流使用，或可將小菜蛾有效的加以控制。

關鍵字

小菜蛾 ； 成蟲 ； 幼蟲 ； 蛹 ； 毒性

並列摘要

Diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L., with its high reproductive potential, short generation time and characteristics adaptive to adverse conditions, has become the most serious insect pest of cruciferous plants. There was no information available on the toxicity of currently recommended insecticides against DBM pupae and adults. Therefore, 19 commonly used insecticides were tested for their toxicity against DBM larvae, pupae and adults. Among those tested, cartap 50% W.P. (1000-fold dilution), phenthoate 50% E.C. (1000x), dichlorvos 50% E.C. (1000x), phosalone 35% E.C. (1000x), and thiocyclam hydrogenoxalate 50% W.P. (1500x) were rather effective toward DBM adults and mortality reached 90.7% to 100% 72 hours after treatment. Thiocyclam hydrogenoxalate 50% W.P. (1500x) was the only insecticide showing satisfactory killing effect toward DBM larvae and 94.6% mortality was obtained 72 hours after treatment. None of the insecticides had significant effect toward pupae and the highest mortality recorded was 57.1% for thiocyclam hydrogenoxalate 50% W.P. (1500x). This was probably due to the cocoon which prevented the pupae from contacting the chemicals. To cope with the threat of DBM which develop resistance to insecticides rapidly, alternate use of 3 or 4 insecticides which give satisfactory control efficacy with microbial insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis may be a feasible strategy.

並列關鍵字

diamondback moth ； adult ； larva ； pupa ； toxicity