綠蘆筍黑腹薊馬之生態研究

Ecological Studies on Green Asparagus Thrip, Frankliniella intonsa Trybom in Taiwan

湯慶銓(Chin-Chuyan Tang)

《中華農業研究》 25卷4期 (1976/12) Pp. 299-309

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.197612.0007

摘要

臺灣綠蘆筍的七種薊馬中，只有葱薊馬Thrips tabaci Lind一種，已在南美洲哥倫比亞(British)內陸之綠蘆筍嫩芽上發現(Banham F.L., 1968)，而其餘的六種均爲臺灣的綠蘆筍上首次發現。其中雌成蟲體呈黑褐色的一種黑腹薊馬Frankliniella intonsa, Trybom，本省約40年前已有紀錄（高橋1935） Frankliniella formosa Moulton，爲其異名(Kurosaw 1968)。
黑腹薊馬雖然有很多種寄主，唯綠蘆筍能使牠在全年中完成各世代的各蟲期之發育，當乾燥季節時在綠蘆筍花瓣、嫩芽及嫩莖裡，成蟲及幼蟲皆有發現，甚至在每日採收的嫩莖之萼片內，亦有蟲體附著，影響商品價值很大。
全年在室內經連續飼養結果，有22世代，但在田間發生常受降雨量及降雨時間之關係，影響其發生代數及繁殖能力。因此在降雨時期，發生的密度隨之減少，甚至不見其綜跡。乾燥期，如筍株之生長正常，嫩芽上的雌成蟲及幼蟲之平均數高達20隻左右。
卵、幼蟲及假蛹期間甚短，僅爲1~3天，各世代之經過日數，最長有16天(♀),15天(♂)，最短亦有7天(♀♂)，平均爲9.2天(♀),9天(♂)。雌成蟲之壽命最長達49天，最短僅有17.7天，通常在16℃左右時壽命較長。而一生的產卵數最多竟達76個，最少則爲10.7個。在一生的產卵期間中，低溫與高溫影響其產卵量，其產卵的最適合溫度爲28℃左右。

並列摘要

Thrips tabaci Lind. was one of the seven asparagus thrips found in Taiwan which had been reported in South America and Columbia. The other six species were first discovered in Taiwan. The female of Frankliniella intonsa Trybom, was black brown species and has been reported in Taiwan around 40 years (R. Takahashi 1935).This species was the synonymy of Flankliniella formosa Moulton. which was spreaded around Europe and the coastal region of Asia.
Although Flankliniella intonsa Trybom has many different kinds of hosts, however, green asparagus was the only host for the life cycle of this species. During dry season, the adult and nymph could be found in the petals delicated buds and stems, even in the sepals of delicated stems when harvested.
There are 22 generations in the laboratory observation around a year. But in the field condition, the outbreak and reproduction could be affected by precipitation and rainy period. Therefore, the population decreased or disappeared during rainy season. But in dry season, the adults and nymphs fed on delicated buds at a number of averaged 20.
Egg, larval and pseudo-prepupal stage was only 1-3 days. The long-lived generation was 16 days(♀) and 15 days(♂) the short-life was 7 days(♀♂) and averaged 9.2 days(♀) as well as 9 days(♂). The longest longevity of female adult was 49 days, and the shortest was 17.7 days. The female adult oviposited 11-76 eggs in the life. Temperature influenced the oviposition and the favorite temperature for oviposition was28℃.