鳳梨植株大小对電石和NAA催花處理的效果及果實品質影響之研究

Studies on the Fefect of CaC2 and NAA in Promotion to the Flower Bud Formation and the Influence to the Fruit Quality of the Pineapple

張清勤(C. C. Chang)

《中華農業研究》 27卷1期 (1978/03) Pp. 67-75

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.197803.0008

摘要

1．鳳梨植株生長至具有完全葉25片以上時，行電石催花處理，其效果幾不受植株大小之影響，但用NAA處理者，植株必須在完全葉35片以上，效果較穩定。
2．鳳梨應用電石與NAA處理之有效株，無論發育若何，均不影響自處理至抽穗及抽穗至成熟日數，但不同藥品間則略有差異，電石處理者自處理至抽穗及抽穗至成熟日數，平均分別爲39、81天與134.5天，而NAA處理者分別平均43.33天與140.62天。電石較NAA自處理至抽穗及抽穗至成熟日數分別提早3.52天及6.12天。
3．鳳梨經電石與NAA處理後，平均果重及果長，果寬，小果數等，均隨處理當時植株完全葉的增多（植株之增大）而提高，且各級間均達顯著與極顯著平準。不同藥品間則無顯著差異。
4．鳳梨植株具完全葉35片時經藥品處理後，果實平均果重與不處理無明顯差異，但植株完全葉在40片與45片者，則較不處理者優良，且達顯著與極顯著平準，反之完全葉在25與30片者卻較不處理爲差，呈顯著與極顯著平準。
5．鳳梨催花處理後果實糖酸度，即隨處理當時值株之增大，糖度依次提高，而酸度依次降低。
6．鳳梨值株愈大，藥品催花處理後，吸裔芽發生愈多且較大，植株小者吸裔芽发生少，甚或全無，不同藥品間吸裔芽之發生以電石較NAA爲多。
7．總言之，鳳梨應用藥品催花處理時，應在植株具完全葉35片以上的生長形態，否則果實小，品質劣，無經濟價值。

並列摘要

1. The effect of calcium carbide treatment was not influenced by the size of the plants treated when they had more than 25 complete leaves. However, under NAA treatment the effect was more stable at the stage of 35 leaves.
2. The growth days from treatment to heading and heading to maturity of the effective pineapple plants obtained from calcium carbide and NAA were not affected by thegrowth condition. But there were some differences between the chemicals, based on the calcium carbide treatment, the average growth days from treatment to heading and heading to maturity were 39.81 and 134.5 days, respectively. But on NAA treatment, the average growth days were 43.33 and 140.62 days individually.
3. After calcium carbide and NAA treatment, the average weight, length and width of the fruit as well as the number of small fruits were increasing as long as the increasing complets leaves of the plants during the treatment, and every degree were signify-cant at 1% and 5% level. But there was no significant difference between the chemicals.
4. There was no significant difference on average fruit weight between chemical treatment and untreatment when the pineapple plants had 35 complete leaves. But the chemical treatment was better than untreatment when the plants were at the stage of 40 and 45 complete leaves, it showed significant differences at 1% and 5% level. Contrarily, the untreatment was better when the plants were at the stage of 25 and 30 complete leaves, and showed significant differences at 1% and 5% level.
5. The sugar and acid contents of pineapple after treatment on flower bud formation, the sugar contents increased and the acid contents decreased in order based on the increasing size of the plants treated.
6. The bigger the pineapple plants, the more and bigger the sucker and slip. The sucker and slip were less or none, if the mother plants were mall. The effect of calcium carbide on the occurrence of sucker and slip was greatly than NAA.
7. Conclusively, the treatment to the pineapple flower bud formation should be done at the stage of 35 leaves. Otherwise, the fruit would be small and the quality would be had, there was no economical value.