臺灣甘藷毒素病之研究　1．甘藷黃斑型毒素病

A Study of Sweet Potato Virus Disease in Taiwan Ⅰ. Sweet Potato Yellow Spot Virus Disease

廖嘉信(Chia-Hsin Liao) ； 簡義忠(I-Chung Chen) ； 鐘美麗(Mei-Lie Chung) ； 邱人璋(Ren-Jong Chiu) ； 韓又新(You-Hsin Han)

《中華農業研究》 28卷3期 (1979/09) Pp. 127-137

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.197909.0001

摘要

從葉部出現黃色斑點之甘藷品種臺農63號，分離得三類型之病毒：(1)SPV-N可經機機械傳播，能感染供試旋花科植物8種中之I pomoea nil及Ⅰ.setosa 2種，藜科植物4種中之Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa，及C. murale等3種，茄科植物23種中之Nicotiana debneyi, N. benthamiana, N. megalosiphon, N.rependa, N. tabacum 'Xanthi', N. tabacum 'Havana', N. tabacum 'Judy's Pride', N. tabacum 'Hicks'及N. tabacum 'Samsun 15A'等9種。囘接於健全臺農63號莖頂培養苗約四週後呈輕微斑駁，此病毒不經I pomoea nil及甘藷種子傳播，在N. benthamiana汁液中，病毒稀釋終點濃度介於10^(-2)~10^(-3)，不活化溫度介於60~65℃，活體外保存時間(25℃)，不超過24小時，尚未能經綠桃蚜傳播成功，用陰染法電子顯微鏡檢查，病毒顆粒呈長絲狀。(2)SPV-A可經機械傳播及綠桃蚜以非永續性方式傳播，不經Ⅰ．nil及甘藷種子傳播，可感染供試旋花科植物8種中之I pcmoea nil, Ⅰ. setosa, Ⅰ.hederacea,Ⅰ. obscura，及Ⅰ. ramouri等5種，藥科植物4種中之Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa及C. murale 3種，但不能感染茄科各供試植物。囘接於健全臺農63號莖頂組織培養苗，約8~10天產生黃色斑默並使葉脈黃化。在Ⅰ．nil汁液中，病毒之稀釋終點濃度介於10^(-3)~10^(-4)之間，不活化溫度介於55-60℃之間，活體外保存時間(25℃)不超過24小時，用陰染法電子顯微鏡檢查，病毒顆粒呈長絲狀。(3)SPV-B；可經菸草粉蝨傳播，感染I, nil和Ⅰ. setosa引起嚴重捲葉病徵，囘接於臺農63號實生苗，12株中有一株呈捲葉，下表面葉脈突起等病徵，尚未機械接種成功。Ⅰ.nil.及Ⅰ.setosa病株以陰染法電子顯微鏡檢查，未發現病毒顆粒。

並列摘要

Three different viruses were isolated from sweet potato cultivar Tainung 63 showing interveinal chlorotic spotting: (1). SPV-N was transmitted mechanically to healthy Tainung 63 plants which developed mild mottle in 4 weeks. It infected 2 (Ipomoca nil, I. setosa) out of 8 test species in Convolvulaceae, 9 test species or varieties (Nicotiana benthamiana, N. megalosiphon, N. debneyi, N. rependa, N. tabacum 'Havana', N. taba cum 'Judy's Pride', N. tabacum 'Hicks', N. tabacum 'Sam sun 15A', N. tabacum 'Xanthi' out of 24 test species or varieties in Solanaceae, 3 (Cheno podium amaranticolor, C. quinOa, C. 7nurale) out of 4 test species in Chenopodiaceac. The virus was not transmitted through seeds of I. nil and sweet potato. Transmission test with green peach aphid (Myzus persiace) was unsuccessful. The virus had a dilution end point in N. benthamiana sap between 10^(-2) and 10^(-3), and a thermal inactivation point of 60-65℃, and it remained infectious in vitro for less than 24 hours. The virus particles were threadlike in quick leaf-dip preparations. (2). SPV-A was transmitted mechanically to healthy Tainung 63 plants which developed vein banding and interveinal chlorotic spotting 8 to 10 days after inoculation. It was nonpersistently transmitted by green peach aphid. It infected 5 (I. nil, I. setosa. I. hederacea, I. obscura and I. ramouri) out of 8 test species in Convolvulaceae and 3 (C. amaranticolor, C. quinoa and C. murale)out of 4 test species in Chenopodiaceae but it did not infect Solanaceous plants. It was not transmitted through seeds of I. nil and sweet potato.
Dilution end point of this virus in I. nil sap was between 10^(-3) and 10^(-4), and thermal inactivation point, 55-60℃.
It remained infectious in vitro for less than 24 hours. The virus particles were also threadlike in quick leaf-dip preparations. (3). SPV-B was transmitted by whitefly ( Bern isia tabaci). It infected I. nil and I. setosa severely. On Tainung 63 seedlings, it caused leaf rolling, twisting and vein swelling. Mechanical transmission was unsuccessful. No virus particles were found in quick leaf-dip preparations of infected I. nil and I. setosa.