柳橙包裝貯藏與樹上掛藏試驗

Effect of Harvesting Date Storage Temperature、and Packaging Material on the Decay and Quality of Orange (Citrus sinesis, var. Golden-seal)

林學正(Shue-Cheng Lin) ； 王為一(Wei-Yee Wang)

《中華農業研究》 31卷1期 (1982/03) Pp. 42-50

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198203.0005

摘要

柳橙果實經樹目掛藏兩個月觀察，發現掛藏期間果實的密度、可滴定酸及可溶性固形物合量並沒有顯著改變，但落果率却高達45.3%。在15℃下貯藏，掛藏後採收（遲採）的果實經117天之腐爛率(61.9%)，遠做適時採收的果實經177天貯藏之腐爛率(20.8%)高。適時採收的果實在5℃下貯藏128天已出現輕微寒害現象，至177天時更爲嚴重，分別造成18.4和81.3%的腐爛率。果皮發生大且深之褐色病斑(Scald)爲寒害之主要病徵。遭受寒害的果實在架售期間有較高的腐爛增加率及果蒂褐化率。果實在10及15℃下經128天貯藏時會分別造成2.1及1.3%的腐爛率，迨至177天時，腐爛率則各高達41.4及18.8%。果實品質隨貯藏期之延長而降低，且貯藏溫度愈高其可滴定酸和可溶性固形物損失愈多，果賓貯藏177天後已失味且有些果實微帶酸腐的異味。高密度PE袋（厚0.01m/m）密封包裝與現行農家低密度PE袋（厚0.03m/m）扭轉倒置包裝對果實腐爛率或品質的保存並無顯著差異。

並列摘要

Delayed harvesting of 'Golden-seal' orange was evaluated for their on-tree storage potential. Normal and delayed harvesting fruits were wrapped with high density (HD) or low density (LD) polyethylene (PE) bags and kept at 5, 10 or 15℃ for long term storage.
Delayed harvesting caused high fruit-dropping rate (up to 45.5%) in two months, however, fruit qualities in terms of specific gravity, titratable acidity and total soluble solids did not change significantly during the on-tree period. When stored at 5℃, delayed harvesting fruits had high decay ratio of 61.9% after 117 days compared with 20.8% in normal harvesting fruits for 177-day storage.
Chilling injury (CI) was observed on fruits under 5℃ storage condition and the major symptom was the disorder of scald. The decay losses of normal harvesting fruits at 5℃ were 18.4% and 81.3%, respectively, for 128-and 177-day storage treatments. Rates of decay-increase and green-botton browning for CI fruits were also higher during shelf period.
Fruits stored at 10 and 15℃ for 128 days had decay ratio of 2.1% and 1.3% respectively. The ratios increased to 41.4% and 18.8% for 177-day storage. Fruit qualities decreased during storage, especially the losses of sugar and acid at higher temperature. Off-flavor also appeared when fruits had been stored for 177 days.
There was no significant difference in either the rate of decay or the quality change between fruits wrapped with HD and LD PE bags in any temperature treatment.