採前遮陰及套袋內每果穗留果數對‘豐水’梨果肉水心症及貯藏力之影響

Effects of Preharvest Shading Treatment and Retention Number of Fruit Per Cluster Within the Bag on Flesh Watercore and Storability of Top-Grafted 'Hosui' Pear

周柔安(Rou-An Jhou) ； 尤進欽(Jinn-Chin Yiu) ； 郭純德(Chun-Teh Kuo)

《宜蘭大學生物資源學刊》 10卷 (2014/12) Pp. 77-93

https://doi.org/10.6175/job.2014.10.15

摘要

本文探討採前遮陰（遮蔽65%的光照）與套袋內每果穗之留果數（1、2和3果），對寄接‘豐水’梨果肉水心症及貯藏力之影響。經採前遮陰之梨果肉之水心症係數（0.2）與發生率（22%），均低於未遮陰者（0.8及64%）。遮陰之果重小於未遮陰者，而果肉硬度則反之。套袋內每果穗留2果之水心症係數（0.1）與發生率（13%），明顯地低於留1果（0.8；50%）及留3果者（0.8；67%）。留1果之果實最重，差異顯著；而留2、3果者間差異不顯著。在低溫5℃貯藏4、8和12週期間，經採前遮陰之梨果貯藏4週後，果肉水心症係數仍低於未遮陰者；但8和12週後，遮陰與未遮陰之水心症係數相同。遮陰梨果經5℃貯藏4、8和12週，其果肉水心症之發生率（78%、72%及83%），皆高於未遮陰者（72%、64%及69%）。留2果之水心症係數，貯藏4和8週後，明顯地上升，且均高於留1和3果者；而12週後，水心症係數隨留果數增加而下降。遮陰與每果穗留果數處理下，梨果重隨著貯藏時間增長而下降；失重率則隨貯藏時間增長而提高，且12週後，失重率皆高於4%。果肉硬度隨貯藏週數的增長而降低。總可溶性固形物含量無明顯變化，但可滴定酸含量隨貯藏週數增加而提高，使糖酸比下降。遮陰雖能有效降低採收時梨果肉水心症之發生率，但經5℃貯藏後，隨著貯藏週數的增加，遮陰的影響力逐漸減弱，甚至在貯藏第12週時，遮陰之梨果水心症發生率反而高於未遮陰者。

關鍵字

‘豐水’梨 ； 採前遮陰 ； 套袋內每果穗留果數 ； 果肉水心症 ； 貯藏力

並列摘要

This study explored the flesh watercore and fruit storability of top-grafted pear (＂Pyrus pyrifolia＂ Nakai cv. 'Hosui') as affected by preharvest shading treatment (shading 65%) and retention number of fruit(retention 1, 2 and 3 fruits) per cluster within the bag. The shading pear flesh watercore coefficient (0.2) and incidence rate (22%) were both lower than that without shading (0.8 and 64%). Fruit weight with shading was less than that without shading, while flesh firmness was in contrast. Watercore coefficient and incidence rate of retention 2 fruit in bag (0.1; 13%) was lower than that retentions 1 fruit(0.8; 50%) and 3 fruits(0.8; 67%). Retention 1 fruit had heaviest weight with significant difference; retention 2 and 3 fruits followed, where no significant differences between the two were observed. During low temperature storage at 5℃ for 4, 8 and 12 weeks, the flesh watercore coefficient of pears with shading after storage for 4 weeks was still lower than that without shading; however, storage for 8 and 12 weeks the flesh watercore coefficient of with shading and without shading both were the same. During storage at 5℃ for 4, 8 and 12 weeks, pears with shading had flesh watercore incidence rate (78%, 72% and 83%) which were all higher than that without shading (72%, 64% and 69%). After storage for 4 and 8 weeks, flesh watercore coefficient of retention 2 fruits had apparent rise, and both higher than that of retention 1 and 3 fruits; while at storage for 12 weeks, flesh watercore coefficient declined along with fruit retention number increasing. Under two treatments of shading and retention number of fruit, pear weight declined along with storage week number increasing, and weight losing rate was in contrast, and after storage for 12 weeks, weight losing rate was all higher than 4%. Flesh firmness declined along with storage week number increasing. Total soluble solids had no apparent consistent changing trend, however, titratable acidity rose along with storage week number increasing, thus resulting in the sugar-acid ratio decline. Although the shading may effectively reduced the incidences of flesh watercore in the pears, after storage at 5℃, the influence of the shading gradually diminished as the number of storage weeks increased. By the 12th week of storage, the incidences of flesh watercore in the pears with shading were actually higher than those of the pears without shading.

並列關鍵字

'Hosui' pear ； preharvest shading treatment ； retention number of fruit per cluster within the bag ； flesh watercore ； storability