寄接‘豐水'梨果實生長分析與採收成熟度對果實品質及水心症發生之影響

Fruit Growth Analysis and the Influences of Harvest Maturity on Fruit Quality and Incidence of Flesh Watercore in Japanese Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai cv. 'Hosui') Grown by Top-Grafting in Taiwan

郭純德(Chun-Teh Kuo) ； 趙婉琪(Wan-Qi Zhao) ； 尤進欽(Jinn-Chin Yiu) ； 廖玉琬(Yu-Wan Liao)

《宜蘭大學生物資源學刊》 3卷1期 (2006/12) Pp. 69-83

https://doi.org/10.6175/job.2006.31.18

摘要

本試驗以宜蘭縣三星地區寄接栽培的‘豐水’梨（Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai cv. 'Hosui'）果實為材料，進行果實生長分析與採收成熟度對果實品質及果肉水心症發生之影響。分佈在梨樹冠外、冠中及冠內果實縱、橫徑之累積生長都為單S曲線。3種著果部位的果實在生長初期其縱徑大於橫徑，果形指數大於1；而中期以後橫徑生長速率較縱徑為快，果形指數逐漸下降而小於1；及至採收時3者之果形指數在0.84~0.89間，果實呈扁圓形。‘豐水’梨的絕對生長速率曲線呈鐘形，表現慢、快、慢的生長規律。而相對生長速率則在果實發育期間由高逐步地降低。以果實絕對生長曲線下降部分，估算‘豐水’梨的生理成熟度為花後150至160天之間。前述經生長調查的果實，於花後172天高成熟度時採收並分析其外形及品質，結果顯示果肉水心症嚴重，發生率均超過50%，尤以冠內69%為最高。為探究採收成熟度對果品及水心症發生率的影響，分別於2005年6/21、6/28、7/5、7/12、7/19採收開花後120、127、134、141、148天的果實，並分析果實形質及果肉水心症。果實之採收成熟度愈高，其水心症愈加嚴重，果實重量及可溶性固形物含量較高；相反地，果肉硬度較低。2006年試驗也有相似的結果。經線性廻歸分析，水心症發生率與採收成熟度、可溶性固形物含量間具有高的正相關性，而與果肉硬度間具有高的負相關性。

關鍵字

‘豐水'梨 ； 果實生長分析 ； 採收成熟度 ； 水心症 ； 果實品質

並列摘要

This study was focused on fruit growth analysis and the influences of harvest maturity on fruit quality and incidence of flesh watercore in Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai cv. 'Hosui') grown by top-grafting at Sunshin area in Yilan County of Taiwan. The growth of fruits from outer, middle, and inner canopies measured by cumulative longitudinal and transversal diameters was shown to be a single sigmoid curve. The fruit shape indexes (longitudinal diameter/ transversal diameter) were all above 1 at initial stage, and then progressively declined to under 1 in fruit faster growing period because of transversal growth exceeded longitudinal growth, and were stable and between 0.84 and 0.89 at harvesting stage. The curves of fruit absolute growth rate shown bell shape, indicating the growth speed during ontogeny of pear fruits followed by slow, fast and slow regime. Meanwhile, the relative growth rate of fruits was from high dropped to low smoothly during development. Physiological maturity of pear fruits estimated by regression line during the declining growth rate period was at 150 to 160 days after anthesis. The appearance, composition and watercore percentage of fruits at higher maturity (172 days after anthesis) were measured, the data shown the incidences of watercore were exceeded 50% in any canopy position, particularly the inner canopy fruits were 69%, the highest. The fruit quality and incidence of watercore of pear fruits harvested at 120, 127, 134, 141, and 148 days after anthesis had been analyzed, respectively. The results suggested the higher maturity of fruit harvested the more serious watercore of fruit was, and the higher fruit weight and soluble solids content were also found; however, the flesh firmness of pear was lower. The investigation results of 2006 were similar to 2005. The relationships between watercore percentage and fruit maturity and soluble solid content were highly positive, while highly negative with the flesh firmness of pear.

並列關鍵字

'Hosui' pear ； fruit growth analysis ； harvest maturity ； watercore ； fruit quality