秈稉稻雜交之遺傳育種研究　Ⅱ產量構成要素之遺傳變異及遺傳率

Genetical and Breeding Studies in the Cross between indica and sinica Rices Ⅱ. Pattern of Genetic Variability of Four Yield Componennts

郭益全(Y. C. Kuo) ； 謝順景(S. C. Hsieh)

《中華農業研究》 31卷2期 (1982/06) Pp. 108-115

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198206.0002

摘要

本研究以嘉農秈11號×臺農67號及臺南5號×臺中在來1號等兩個水稻亞種間之雜交F2集團爲材料，探討秈稉稻雜交F2集團產量構成要素之遺傳變異及遺傳率。結果如下：
（一）嘉農秈11號×臺農67號組合中，F2集團穗數呈常態分布且F2集團平均等於中間親本，暗示本組合此性狀可能由累加性因子所控制；臺南5號×臺中在來1號組合中，F2集團穗數分布呈右偏斜，表示控制穗數之數量因子羣可能具顯性。
（二）兩個雜交組合中，平均一穗穎花數之分布圖形均屬常態分布，而嘉農秈11號×豪農67號組合F2平均一穗穎花數之均值比臺南5號×臺中在來1號老多約15朵。
（三）兩組合F2集團結實率之分布稍有不同。嘉農秈11號×臺農67號組合之分布高峰在右，即F2集團多數個體呈高稔實性；臺南5號×臺中在來1號組合之分布的高峰則在左，表示F2集團多數個體之稔實性槪低。
（四）嘉農秈11號×臺農67號組合F2集團千粒重之分布爲常態分布，F2集團千粒重之均值等於中間親木；臺南5號×臺中在來1號組合多數個體向右方超越兩親，分布圖形向左偏斜。
（五）各產量性狀之遺傳率值嘉農秈11號×臺農67號者較臺南5號×臺中在來1號者爲高。一般言，兩組合各性狀之早世代選拔效果可能不彰。

並列摘要

Patterns of F2 geneitc variabilities and heritabilities of four yield components were compared between the crosses of Chianung-Sen 11 (indica) × Tainung 67 (sinica) and Tainan 5 (sinica) ×Taichung (N) 1 (indica). The following results were obtained.
1. In the cross of Chianung-Sen 11×Tainung 67, the panicle number showed a normal distribution, and the population mean equaled to the mid-parent value indicating that this character is controlled by the genes of accumulative effect. In the cross of Tainan 5×Taichung (N) 1, the panicle number showed a skew-to-right distribution indicating that the genes concerned may have the dominant effect.
2. The number of grains per panicle in both crosses showed a normal distribution. However the higher mean value (15 grain more) was observed in the cross of Chianung-Sen 11×Tainung 67 than that in the cross Tainan 5×Taichung (N) 1.
3. The distribution patterns of percent seed setting differed from crosses. In the cross of Chianung-Sen 11×Tainung 67, the peak falls on the right side of the distribution curve indicating that the seed fertility is better in this cross combination. Opposite is true in the coss of Tainan 5×Taichung (N) 1 regarding the percent of seed setting.
4. One-thousand-kernel weight showed a normal distribution in the cross of Chianung-Sen 11×Tainung 67 and the mean value equaled to the mid-parnet value. In the cross of Tainan 5×Taichung (N) 1, it showed the distribution of skew-to-the-left exceeding to the parental distributions.
5. The heritability values of all four yield components are much larger in the cross of Chianung-Sen 11×Tainung 67 than those on the cross of Tainan 5×Taichung (N) 1. It is that the selection efficiency for four yield components in the early generation is not very great.