有色塑膠布保溫育苗對水稻秧苗生育之影響

Effect of Mulching with Coloured Plastic Film on the Growth of Rice Seedling

趙政男(Cheng-Nan Chao)

《中華農業研究》 31卷4期 (1982/12) Pp. 275-282

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198212.0003

摘要

爲明瞭有色（紅、藍色）塑穋布保溫育苗對水稻秧苗生育之影響，自民國67年至69年，連續三年，每年第一期作在木分所進行觀察試驗，所得結果摘錄如下：
一、不同塑膠布覆蓋下每日氣溫之變化：有色塑膠布覆蓋區之每日最高、最低氣溫，較露天無塑膠布覆蓋區高出12.66~14.08℃與3.1~3.2℃，而較白色塑膠布覆蓋區高出1.04~2.46℃與0.59~0.69℃。顯示有色塑膠布似有較佳之吸熱與保溫效果。
二、不同塑膠布保溫育苗對秧苗生育之影響：播種後20日時，有色塑膠布育苗區之苗高、綠葉數與苗乾物重等，均高於露天無塑膠布育苗區，且又較白色塑膠布育苗區分別高出7.96~9.11%、0.75~4.51%與13.0~21.96%。而30日苗時，有色塑膠布育苗區之苗高雖仍持續增加，但其綠葉數反低於露天無塑膠布育苗區達3.82~6.65%。苗乾物重在有色塑膠布育苗區與露天無塑膠布育苗區間之差距，由20日苗時之4.46~5.28mg高達75.9~89.8%，減低爲1.47~3.0mg僅11.04~22.54%。顯示有色塑膠布育苗區之秧苗初期生長迅速，而後期已呈徒長現象。
三、不同塑膠布保溫育苗對稻谷產量與成熟期主要農藝性狀之影響：由處理間之產量平均指數102.91-100.05-99.21-100.0，可看出有色塑膠布育苗區似具有較佳之增產效果。至於成熟期之主要農藝性狀，有色塑膠布育苗區之生育日數較露天無塑膠布育苗區長4.0~4.6天，而穗數則較白色塑膠布育苗區與露天無塑膠布育苗區多1.9~2.5%。

並列摘要

As Taiwan situated on subtropic region, cold-fronts usually invaded the island from December to February each year which corresponed to sowing time of the first crop. In order to protect the young seedling of rice from cold injury, therefore, the method of vinyl film mulching was populary adopted by the rice farmers on this island. The purpose of this experiment was find out the effect of mulching with coloured plastic film on the growth of seedling. Preliminary results indicated that coloured plastic films had better effect of absorption and preservation of solar energy than the white one, therefore, the mulching with cloured plastic film would favor the growth and development of rice seedling under the environment of low temperature. However, because the mulching period was over 20 days, the seedling height increased with seedling age, but dry matter of the seedling did not increase with the same rate. As a result, it caused abnormal elongation of seedling raised with colored plastic covers.
Although the variance analysis of grain yield did not reach a significant difference level among these treatments, it was quite obvious from the table 6 that the treatment of plastic cover showed high grain yield over the control or without cover, and the mulching with coloured plastic film further increased the grain yield over the white plastic covers. Vinyl film mulching caused the increase of grain yield that appeared to be contributed by the increase of number of panicles per plant.
From the above-mentioned results, it might be inferred that covering the seed bed with coloured plastic films especially the red colored instead of the traditional white one brought about the efficient use of solar energy, hence strong and heathly seedlings.