大豆不同節位之供源與積儲關係研究

Source and Sink Relationshpi at Different Nodes of Soybean Plants

曹紹徽(S. H. Tsao) ； 王強生(C. S. Wang) ； 劉大江(D. J. Liu)

《中華農業研究》 34卷4期 (1985/12) Pp. 437-445

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198512.0007

摘要

本試驗以大豆十石品種爲材料，於生殖生長期間分析自基部計算第6、8與12（最頂端）節位葉片之葉面積與葉綠素含量，葉片及莢果乾物重、氮素與非構造性碳水化合物(TNC)濃度，以比較不同節位供源一積儲單位問之生理差異，以及對產量的影響。試驗結果顯示在種子形成(RS)期以前，各性狀並未顯示出節位性差異，亦即各供源一積儲單位問的關係較爲單純，在此一時期葉片具有較高的生理活性，比葉重與TNC濃度增高，氮素濃度未明顯下降，而莢果壁具有暫時性的積儲功能。自種子開始形成以後，由於不同節位葉片之發生時序(sequential ontogeny)導致生理活性差異，增加了供源葉片與積儲種子間關係的複雜性；頂端節位葉片的比葉重持續上升，莢果壁含有較高的乾物重與氮量，但種子產量，充實速率及種子充實度均較低，與較低節位的表現相反，亦即上位葉片雖能維持較長的生理活性，但下位莢果對產量的重要性較高。試驗結果建議如能延緩大豆葉片生理活性之老化及提高高節位莢果種子之充實度，應可改善供源與積儲間之關係，並進而提高產量。

並列摘要

This paper investigated the relationship between source and sink organs at 3 different node positions of soybean plants during the reproductive growth period. Using Shih-Shih as experimental variety, samples were taken weekly from the 6th, 8th, and the upper-most nodes, starting from the flowering (R1)stage. Dry weight and concentrations of N and total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) were analyzed for every sample. Leaf area and leaf chlorophyll content were also determined. Results showed that the source-sink relationship was similar among three node positions for every measured character before R5 (beginning seed) stage. Specific leaf weight and leaf TNC concentration increased and no apparent decrease in leaf N concentration were observed. Pod wall possessed the function of temporary sink during the same period. After the beginning of seed formation, the seed became the primary sink and the pod wall acted as both a sink and source organ. Differences in physiological activities due to the sequential ontogeny among leaves of different nodes added the complexity between the source leaf and the sink seed. For the upper node, there was a continuous increase of specific leaf weight. Pod wall contained higher amounts of dry matter and N. However, seed yield, seed filling rate and seed/pod ratio were lower when compared with those of the lower nodes. In other words, the upper leaves could maintain higher physiological activity when plant was approaching maturity whereas the lower seeds were more important to grain yield. Delaying the senescence of leaf and/or increasing the filling rate of upper pods may improve the relationship between source and sink, and hence increase the grain yield.