玉米不同粒型種源間子粒zein蛋白含量、粒重及產量差異之研究

Zein Content, Kernel Weight and Grain Yield of Dent and Flint Forms of Maize

莊周瑞(Jou-Ruey Juang) ； 盧英權(Ying-Chuan Lu) ； 呂宗佳(Tzong-Chia Lee)

《中華農業研究》 35卷3期 (1986/09) Pp. 253-262

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198609.0002

摘要

以四個馬齒種(dent)及四個硬粒種(flint)玉米自交系與其28個F1組合爲材料，於民國73年春作進行田間試驗，探討玉米子粒乾物與zein蛋白累積之關係，結果顯示：子粒乾物及zein蛋白累積之二次迴歸曲線，圖形極爲一致，且均受直線生長速率及有效充實期之影響。
玉米自交系與F1雜種間子粒乾重之差異，主要受充實期長短之影響；而zein蛋白累積量之差異，則共同受直線生長速率及有效充實期之影響。在不同粒型組合之F1雜交種間，粒重及zein蛋白含量之差異則主要受直線生長速率之影響。相關分析亦顯示：粒重與zein蛋白含量有極顯著之正相關，而子粒產量亦與粒重及zein蛋白含量呈極顯著正相關；粒重及zein蛋白含量又分別與其本身之直線生長速率呈極顯著及顯著正相關。上述結果顯示，在本省春作栽培環境下，玉米子粒產量應以直線生長速率較快之品種較爲有利。
粒型組合間，就各性狀之平均值及雜種優勢之表現比較，結果發現，大多數均以異粒型組合（硬粒種×馬齒種）較同粒型組合（硬粒種×硬粒種或馬齒種×馬齒種）爲優異；而同粒型組合中，又多以硬粒種組合較馬齒種組合爲優異。硬粒種與馬齒種間存在之優異雜種優勢現象，可爲高產玉米親本組合模式之參考，而硬粒種較馬齒種表現優越之事實，亦足以顯示，於雜交種子採種時，宜以硬粒種組合或自交系爲母本，較爲有利。

並列摘要

Each of four dent and flint kernel forms of maize inbreds and their 28 diallel hybrids were used in replicated experiment during spring crop 1984 at Taichung to study the relationship of zein accumulation to kernel weight and grain yield, as well as their differences among kernel forms.
The results showed that the shapes of the accumulative curves, derived from quadratic regression equations for both zein and dry matter accumulations, were closely synchronized and controlled by both linear growth rate (LGR) and effective filling period duration (EFPD).
The difference between inbred and F1 hybrid in zein accumulation was also controlled by both LGR and EFPD. However, it was primarily controlled by EFPD in dry matter accumulation of the kernels. In other words, hybrids performed better than inbreds in zein and dry matter accumulations was due to greater in LGR and EFPD, and EFPD, respectively.
On the other hand, the differences among F1 hybrids in zein and dry matter accumulations were primarily due to LGR. This indicated that LGR was more important in determining the accumulative curves for both zein and dry matter, and varieties with greater LGR in zein and dry matter accumulations of the kernel have higher yield potential during spring crop.
Highly significantly positive correlations between zein content and kernel weight, and among zein content, kernel weight and grain yield were found. Highly significantly and significantly positive correlations between kernel weight and kernel linear growth rate; zein content and zein linear growth rate, respectively, were also found. This indicated the importance of zein synthesis in maize kernel in affecting kernel linear growth rate, kernel dry weight and grain yield.
The means and heterosis of seven characteristics including kernel weight, zein content, grain yield, kernel-LGR, and zein-LGR, except kernel-EFPD and zein-EFPD, were higher in hybrid combinations between kernel forms (ie., dent×flint) than those within kernel forms 〔ie., flint×flint, dent×dent or (flint×flint+dent×dent)12〕, indicating a super heterosis pattern existed between germplasms of flint and dent kernel forms for high yield hybrids development.