馬鈴薯之品種比較試驗

Evaluation of Potato Cultivars for High Yield and Total Solid Content

曹幸之(Shing-Jy Tsao)

《中華農業研究》 35卷3期 (1986/09) Pp. 300-307

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198609.0006

摘要

爲選出新的馬鈴薯品種，以供應新近在本省發展的加工食品消費市場，以目前栽培品種爲對照，進行品種（系）試驗，調查它們的產量，薯球特性與比重。19個供試品種爲根據過去的觀察結果，或爲栽培容易且不易罹毒素病的品種，或爲已知其乾物含量高的品種。
生長後期的連續陰雨嚴重影響各品種的乾物含量，薯球的比重數值均低，除No.732達1.071外，其餘均介於1.039至1.060。就產量而言，Hudson最高，每公頃42公噸，Russet Burbank則生產薯球最小，產量最低，2t/ha
Omega爲歐洲黃皮黃肉小薯品種，很適宜束南亞市場需要，另外在沒有選出新加工品種前，調查產地Kennebec的乾物量，發現薯球比重均在1.078以上，合乾物量20.3%以上，合乎加工需要。

並列摘要

Potato cultivar evaluation trial with 19 cv. and 2 commercial cv. as check was conducted at TARI, Taichung from November 13, 1984 to February 25 1985. Maximum temperature ranged from 30℃ in November to 21℃ in February. Minimum temperature ranged from a low of 11℃ in January to 14℃ in November and early February. The continuous and heavy rainfall in February resulted in low specific gravity (1.039 to 1.060) in tubers with the only exception of No. 732 which had a value of 1,071, corresponding to 18.8% of totalasolids.
Compared to the average yields of check cv. (Cardinal and Kennebec), 14 tested cv yielded same or higher. Hudson led the other 13 cv with a yield of 42 t/ha, however, this variety had a very high susceptibility to viruses. Russet Burbank, thf number one US variety for French fries gave the lowest yield of 2lt/ha due to the small tuber size because under short days this variety matures too early and its yield may be improved by appropriate culture management.
The total solids content of Kennebec tubers at farmers' field was assessed after harvest. Specific gravity readings were taken from samples randomly collected at 5 different sites in January. The results showed that when planted in September-October, the crop had good canopy cover and longer haulm growth, all sampled crops had specific gravity of 1.078 or higher which meets the re4uirement for processing