Response of Two Maize Populations to Reciprocal Recurrent Selection in a High-yield Environment

玉米族羣相互輪迴選拔之選種效應評估

盧煌勝(H. S. Lu) ； R. J. Lambert

《中華農業研究》 37卷4期 (1988/12) Pp. 366-378

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198812.0003

摘要

在高產環境下，利用BS10及RSSSC兩個玉米族羣進行兼顧族羣內及族羣間改良之相互輸迴選拔。族羣內之改良包括多種葉斑病、莖腐病等抗病性的外表型混合選種及S1系統在高產環境下之產量評估。族羣間之改良則包括測交系統在高產環境下之產量試驗及選拔。三個輸迴之選種效應評估，分別利用族羣、族羣雜種及族韋測交種等，於四個不同環境下進行產量試驗；並利用族羣及族羣雜種於病圃檢定其對葉斑病及莖腐病之抵抗性。試驗結果摘要如下：
(1)選拔效應不因評估環境之不同而有明顯差異。
(2)族羣本身、族羣雜種以及族羣測交種之子實產量、多種葉病與莖腐病之抵抗性等之改良效果頗爲顯著。在子實產量方面，BS10，RSSSC，BS10×RSSSC，BS10×B37，及RSSSC×B79分別達到0.95、0.69、0.65、0.65及0.24噸／公頃／輪迴之增進效果。在抗倒伏性方面，BS10，BS10×RSSSC及BS10×B37分別爲-9.0、-5.4及-3.5%／輸迴之選種效應。所有族羣、族羣雜種及族羣測交種之Penetrometer reading亦顯著地增強。
(3)就本研究之育種目標而言，相關性狀之改變，以合意者居多。其中較爲不利之變化爲RSSSC，BS10×RSSSC及RSSSC×B79等之株高及穗位高之增加，及BS10每株穗數之減少。有利的部分則包括BS10之300粒重及每穗粒數，及RSSSC300粒重之增加等。
(4)本試驗結果顯示：高產環境下進行相互輸迴選拔，對改良玉米子實產量、病害抵抗性及抗倒伏性成效頗著，爲一有利的選拔方式。

並列摘要

A selection program using reciprocal recurrent selection procedures in maize (Zea mays L.) was developed. Intra-and interpopulation selection procedures were used for two maize populations BS10 and RSSSC. Intrapopulation selection procedures included phenotypic mass selection for multiple leaf and multiple stalk-rot disease resistance and S1 family selection for grain yield in a high-yield environment. Interpopulation improvement involved selection of testcrosses of S1 family×inbred tester in a high-yield environment. Evaluations of populations per Se, population crosses and populations×testers for response to three cycles of selection for grain yield were conducted at four environments. Evaluation of populations per se and population crosses for response to three cycles of selection for multiple leaf disease and multiple stalk-rot resistance was conducted at disease nursery in 1985. The results indicate that selection response was consistent among environments. Gain from selection was satisfactory in populations per Se, population crosses and populations x testers for grain yield, multiple leaf disease resistance and multiple stalk-rot resistance. Linear response to three cycles of selection for grain yield for BS10, RSSSC, BS10×RSSSC, BS10×B37, and RSSSC×B79 were: 0.95, 0.69, 0.65, 0.65 and 0.24 Mg/ha/cycle, respectively. The rates of gain for grain yield obtained in the present study compare favorably with published reports. Linear response for stalk lodging for BS1O, BS10×RSSSC and BS10×B37 were: -9.0, -5.4 and -3.5%/cycle, respectively. All populations per Se, population crosses and populations×testers showed significant increase in penetrometer reading. Increase in plant height and ear height were observed for RSSSC, BS10×RSSSC and RSSSC×B79. Population BS10 showed an increase in 300-kernel weight and kernel number per ear, and a decrease in ear number per 100 plants. Population RSSSC only showed an increase in 300-kernel weight. Three cycles of selection slightly increased grain moisture in BS10 and BS10×B37. This result indicates the procedures of selection in a high-yield environment are beneficial in improving grain yield, multiple disease resistance and stalk lodging resistance in maize populations per se and their hybrids.