Effects of Shielded Spray of Paraquat and Glyphosate on the Growth and Yield of Corn (Zea mays L.)

本文旨在調查與比較殺草劑巴拉刈〔(paraquat),1,1'-dimethy-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride〕；及嘉磷塞〔(glyphosate),N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine〕噴施期和噴施法對玉米臺農一號生長與產量之影響。田間試驗係在臺灣省農業試驗所農場，分別於1990年秋作及1991年春作進行。相對於同期人工除草處理者，在玉米播種後2，4及6週噴施巴拉刈（24%溶液，3公升／公頃）及嘉磷塞（41%溶液，5公升／公頃）雖然具有較佳除草效果，玉米生長與產量則受到抑制。若未經遮蔽保護措施直接噴施於田間，將因造成植株傷害而進一步降低玉米生長與產量。與遮蔽保護措施者相互比較下，噴施巴拉刈及嘉磷塞後於50%吐絲期時所測得之株高與葉面積在1990年及1991年分別下降超過10%及20%和15%及25%。但是，兩季產量均分別減少50%和60%。經過產量分析後發現，穗重、籽粒重及有效株數百分比在春作皆因噴施此兩種殺草劑而降低，尤以後者為然。秋作則以有效植株百分比減少為主。未經遮蔽保護措施者更行嚴重。除了嘉磷塞在玉米播種後4週前噴施者外，本試驗之各種除草處理及除草時期均未明顯改變達到50%雄穗開花及雌穗吐絲所需要時間。綜此結果顯示，巴拉刈及嘉磷塞不適合在玉米營養生長初期作為除草藥劑，因故必須使用時，當施予適當遮蔽保護措施以減少玉米植株傷害。

關鍵字

巴拉刈；嘉磷塞；玉米；生長；產量；噴施期；噴施法

並列摘要

Field experiments were conducted in the fall crop of 1990 and the spring crop of 1991 to evaluate growth and yield of corn (Zea mays L. cv. Tainung No.1) in responses to paraquat and glyphosate, with or without shielding, applied at three different times in the vegetative stage. Although weed control was improved, herbicide applications at 2, 4 or 6 weeks after planting (WAP) slightly reduced corn growth and yield relative to those of handweeding treatments, but higher than the weedy check. Without proper shielding, the growth and yield of corn was further decreased due to plant injury. Compared to the shielded ones, plant height and leaf area of unshielded corn plants at the 50% silking were declined more than 10% and 20% by paraquat and 15% and 25% by glyphosate applied at 2, 4 or 6 WAP in both 1990 and 1991. Whereas, more than 50% and 60% corn yield reductions were found by applications of paraquat and glyphosate, respectively, in the two seasons. When analyzing the yield characters, it was shown that, without shielding, ear weight and kernel weight were decreased in the spring crop. The effective plant percentage (EPP) was affected by herbicide applications, especially under unshielded conditions. Weed control practices applied as early as 2 WAP ensuing uniform tasseling and silking while glyphosate lengthened the 50% tasseling and silking dates when applied without shielding before 4 WAP. It is therefore suggested that applications of paraquat and glyphosate, if necessary, in the corn field should be with proper shieldings to eliminate corn injury. Paraquat, 1,1'-dimethy 1-4, 4'-bipyridinium dichloride glyphosate;N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine

並列關鍵字

paraquat ； glyphosate ； corn ； growth ； yield ； application timing ； application method

國際替代計量

Effects of Shielded Spray of Paraquat and Glyphosate on the Growth and Yield of Corn (Zea mays L.)

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