稉稻產量構成要素及農藝性狀對產量穩定性之影響

Effects of Yield Components and Agronomic Traits on Yield Stability of Japonica Rice

呂秀英(H. Y. Lu) ； 呂椿棠(C. T. Lu) ； 陳正昌(C. C. Chen)

《中華農業研究》 41卷4期 (1992/12) Pp. 317-330

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199212.0002

摘要

本研究之目的在利用1990至1991年間11個稉稻品系於7個地區進行兩年各二期作的區域試驗資料為分析材料，闡明稉稻產量構成要素及農藝性狀對產量穩定性的影響，並探討利用其他性狀進行間接選拔以提高稻穀產量穩定性的可行性。結果得知：
1.不同期作下不同性狀配合直線迴歸模式的效率有相當之差異，各性狀之廣義遺傳率愈高，適用性也愈好。
2.由於第一期作產量的平均值與穩定性係數間之正相關關係不存在，因此可從中選育出高產且穩定的品系，如臺稉育34號、4268號、4160號及4156號等四品系；第二期作之產量，各新育成品系似乎並無突出優秀之表現，且產量愈高者其穩定性也較差。
3.對產量穩定性有影響的性狀在第一期作為千粒重，第二期作則為全生育日數；亦即千粒重較小或早熟品系的產量對環境之變化較為穩定。但由於此等性狀對產量穩定性的影響結果似乎與遺傳機制無關，故將之應用於產量穩定性的間接選拔上，仍相當困難。

關鍵字

遺傳率 ； 間接選拔 ； 稉稻 ； 區域試驗 ； 產量構成要素 ； 產量穩定性

並列摘要

Experimental data from the 1991-1992 regional trials of japonica rice were used to determine the effects of yield components and some agronomic traits on yield stability. The possibility of indirect selection of these traits for enhancing yield stability was also examined. The results were summarized as follows.
The effectiveness of regression analysis for yield stability varied with characters under different crop seasons. Quantitative characters with a high broad sense heritability were more applicable by the linear regression approach.
There was no positive correlation between the mean grain yield and yield stability index in the first crop season, it was therefore possible to breed genotypes with grain yield and yield stability higher than the mean values. Some examples were strains Taiken Yu 34, 4268, 4160 and 4156 in the first crop season. Grain yield of the tested strains was low in the second crop season. The mean yield was lower for a strain with higher yield stability, and vice versa.
Lower 1,000-kernel weight and early maturity seemed to contribute to yield stability in japonica rice grown in the first and second crop seasons, respectively. Data from this experiment indicated that the influence of these two traits on yield stability was not related to genetic mechanism, indirect selection of the two traits for higher yield stability in japonica rice was therefore not recommended.

並列關鍵字

Heritability ； Indirect selection ； Japonica rice ； Regional yield trial ； Yield component ； Yield stability