玉米生長分化性狀在不同粒型雜種後裔與期作之變異

Effects of Kernel Type and Crop Season on the Variations of Growth and Differentiation Traits in Maize

謝光照(G. J. Shieh) ； 曾富生(F. S. Tseng)

《中華農業研究》 42卷2期 (1993/06) Pp. 121-132

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199306.0003

摘要

以玉米三個硬粒種及三個馬齒種之全互交F1及親本為材料，分別種植於春作及秋裡作探討期作對生長分化性狀之影響。結果摘要如下：
發現品系間，期作間，粒型組合間及粒型組合×期作之交感作用在大部份性狀均達顯著。在春作，馬齒種自交系之出土至雄穗分化日數較短，而硬粒種之雄穗與雌穗分化間隔日數、單株葉面積及青割乾重均較大。在秋裡作，自交系大部份性狀與春作相類似，僅少數性狀有所差異。不同粒型組合間在春作及秋裡作的表現，有明顯的不同，其中以出土至雄穗分化日數、雄穗與雌穗分化間隔日數、葉片分化速率、單株葉面積及青割乾重等項差異最大。
玉米生長分化在春作正值低溫，秋裡作則正值高溫，致生長分化在期作間有極大的差異存在，春作顯然比秋裡作在出土至雄穗分化日數、雄穗分化始期葉片出現數目、生殖生長期葉片出現速率、單株葉面積等較大；而營養生長期葉片出現速率、雄穗與雌穗分化間隔日數、葉片分化速率均較小。
三種粒型組合間性狀的相關有很大的差異存在；且同種粒型組合，在不同期作下性狀間相關性的表現也有程度上的差別。大部份生長分化性狀與青割乾重相關不顯著，顯然不易當作青割乾重選拔之指標。

關鍵字

硬粒種 ； 馬齒種 ； 粒型 ； 全互交 ； 分化

並列摘要

Offsprings from a diallel cross including three inbrid lines each of flint and dent maize as parents were grown in the spring and fall crop seasons. Growth and differentiation characters were investigated to compare the differences among genotypes with flint, dent, and flint×dent kernel types. Combined analysis of variance over two crop seasons indicated that the effects of crop season, genotype, kernel type, genotype×season, and kernel type×season were highly significant for nine traits investigated, Day from seedling emergence to tassel initiation, days from tassel initiation to ear initiation, leaf initiation rate, leaf area per plant, and dry weight at dough stage were characteristics showing the most significant difference among kernel ytpes subjected to influences of crop seasons. Significant differences in growth and differentiation traits existed between crop seasons due to the pattern of temperature change during the growth course. Values of days from seedling emergence to tassel initiation, leaf number at tassel initiation, leaf appearance rate in reproductive stage, and leaf area per plant were higher, whereas those of leaf appearance rate in vegetative stage, days from tassel initiation to ear initation, and leaf initiation rate were lower, for spring crop than for fall crop. Correlation coefficients among traits varied for offsprings with different kernel types and between crop seasons. Most growth and differentiation characters were not correlated significantly with whole-plant dry weight at dough stage, and hence were not considered as suitable selection indexes for improvement of silage yield in maize.

並列關鍵字

Corn Zea mays L. ； Flint ； Dent ； Kernel type ； Diallel ； Differentiation