黃耆類藥材之鑑定研究Ⅰ．膜莢黃耆、蒙古黃耆與多序岩黃耆之辨偽

Pharmacognostical Studies on Astragali Radix (Ⅰ) Identification of Astragalus membranaceus, A. Mongbolicus and Hedysarum polybotrys

林郁進(Yu-Chin Lin) ； 張永勳(Yuan-Shiun Chang) ； 蔡新聲(Hsin-Sheng Tsay)

《中華農業研究》 44卷2期 (1995/06) Pp. 101-113

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199506.0002

摘要

黃耆(Astragali Radix)著錄於神農本草經，並沿用迄今重要藥材之一。黃耆別名極多且來源植物混雜，極易影響藥材規格與臨床療效之評估，故應以「黃耆」為正名，「膜莢黃耆(Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge var. membmnaceus)」或「蒙古黃耆[A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge var. mongholicus (Bunge) P. K. Hsiao]為主要來源植物。與膜莢黃耆比較時，蒙古黃耆植株較矮小，小葉數多，葉面積小且先端較鈍圓，莢果上光滑無毛，主根長但較細，縱皺紋明顯，石細胞較小，原生木部不呈角星形；臺灣習用之紅耆，主要來源植物是多序岩黃耆(Hedysarum polybotrys Hand.-Mazz.)，與膜莢黃耆比較時，多序岩黃耆之小葉數少，莢果上有莢節呈連珠狀、成熟後不開裂，種子僅1枚，根皮紅棕色或紅褐色、甜度大，原生木部不呈角星形，無石細胞，但有結晶纖維及大量草酸鈣結晶等，分類特徵與膜莢黃耆或蒙古黃耆截然不同，故應區別使用。

關鍵字

膜莢黃耆 ； 蒙古黃耆 ； 多序岩黃耆 ； 組織鑑定

並列摘要

Huangqi (Astragali Radix) was first recorded in Shen-Nung-Ben-Cao-Jing under Inferior Category and was also recorded in the successive Ben-Cao of subsequent dynasties. The plethora of synonyms and complexity of the original plants of this drug have affected its quality specification and clinical efficacy. After investigation, we discovered that the standard name should be Huangqi (黃耆), and Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge var. membranaceus and A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge var. mongholicus (Bunge) P. K. Hsiao were the plant origin. Of the two plants, A. mongbolicus is much smaller with many leaflets, which are smaller and more obovate. Its capsule is smooth, and the main root is longer, but thinner. Longitudinal wrinkles are evident on the surface. The size of the stone cell is smaller. Furthermore, the primary xylem of root cross section is not star-like. In Taiwan, Hongqi (紅耆) is used as a substitute for Huangqi. This substitute comes from Hedysarum polybotrys Hand.-Mazz., which is larger than A. membranaceus, with leaflets that are larger, more oblong, but fewer in number. The mature capsule does not open. The main root surface is reddish brown in color, and tastes sweet. It has no stone cell in the root, and the primary xylem of root cross section is not star-like, but has more crystal fibers and calcium oxalate crystals. According to this study, we conclude that hongqi differs from hungqi in many respects, and there should not be used as a substitute. The two should be carefully distinguished in clinical use.

並列關鍵字

Astragalus membranaceus ； Astagalus mongbolicus ； Hedysarum bolybotrys ； Anatomy