臺灣市售黃芩藥材及臺灣黃芩屬植物的高壓液相層析指紋圖譜分析及品質評價研究

生藥黃芩（Scutellaria baicalensis）為重要且常用的藥材，近代藥理學研究證明，黃芩具有抗炎、抗菌、降血脂、保肝、降壓、抗血栓、抗氧化等活性。臺灣市售生藥黃芩其來源全仰賴中國大陸進口，其基原未明品質參差不齊，本研究收集臺灣北中南東等地藥房黃芩藥材共9份，以及基於開發本土藥用植物資源，採集臺灣6種黃芩屬植物，分別為南臺灣黃芩（S. austrotaiwanensis）、半枝蓮（S. barbata）、印度黃芩（S. indica）、布烈氏黃芩（S. playfairi）、臺灣黃芩（S. taiwanensis）及田代氏黃芩（S. tashiroi）等，以黃芩苷（baicalin）、黃芩苷元（baicalein）及漢黃芩素（wogonin）為指標成分，進行高壓液相層析（HPLC）指紋圖譜分析，並進行指標成分的定量分析，以釐清臺灣市售生藥黃芩的品質，並探討臺灣黃芩屬植物的可利用價值。由HPLC指紋圖譜的分析結果，得知9份臺灣市售生藥黃芩均含有baicalin、baicalein及wogonin，均為黃芩屬植物無誤，在baicalin含量分析方面，顏色鮮黃表面不帶綠色的黃芩藥材，其baicalin含量明顯高於baicalein。在6種臺灣黃芩屬植物的分析，其HPLC指紋圖譜顯示大致上均含baicalin、baicalein及wogonin，僅臺灣黃芩（S. taiwanensis）不含wogonin。6種臺灣黃芩屬植物在baicalin含量分析方面，田代氏黄芩（3.69±0.71 mg/g）和南臺灣黃芩（3.25±0.56 mg/g）含量最高，其次為半枝蓮（1.80±0.30 mg/g），其餘三種均低於1 mg/g以下。依本研究結果，呼籲國人使用生藥黃芩時，務必選用根形完整沒有枯心且不帶綠色的黃芩，藥材市場及藥廠的進貨控管在初步的目視檢驗時，亦當依此準則，以確保生藥黃芩的良好品質。另外，本研究亦顯示臺灣黃芩屬植物中，田代氏黄芩（S. tashiroi）和南臺灣黃芩（S. austrotaiwanensis）是值得開發的物種。在植物化學分類學（Chemotaxonomy）方面，南臺灣黃芩與布烈氏黃芩外型極為相似，目視觀察僅葉緣的鋸齒有差異，不易區分，但由HPLC指紋圖譜的比對，此二物種則呈現不同的結果，依植物化學分類學的演化規律顯示其為不同的兩個種。

關鍵字

臺灣市售生藥黃芩；臺灣黃芩屬植物； HPLC指紋圖譜分析；植物化學分類學；品質評價

並列摘要

Scutellariae Radix is originally from the roots of Scutellaria bai-calensis Georgi (Labiatae) and is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in Taiwan. Many researches showed Scutellariae Radix has the anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, hepatoprotective, anti-thrombotic and anti-oxidant activities and effect of decreasing blood pressures. In Taiwan markets, Scutellariae Radix is mainly imported from mainland China and the origin and the quality are difficult to control. We bought nine samples of Scutellariae Radix randomly from east, west, south, and north herbal stores in Taiwan. For the purpose of developing the resources of medicinal plants in Taiwan, we also collected six Scutellaria species, including S. austrotaiwanensis, S. barbata, S. indica, S. playfairi, S. taiwanensis and S. tashiroi. We utilized HPLC finger print to analyze the quality of nine samples of Scutellariae Radix and six Scutellaria species plants in Taiwan. Furthermore, the contents of three main bioactive components of baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin as the standard references would consequently examine. According to the analysis of HPLC fingerprint, all of nine Scutellariae Radix samples from herbal stores in Taiwan contained the main three standards and could confirm to origin from Scutellaria plants. Furthermore, the baicalin content was much more than baicalein content in the yellow color Scutellariae Radix which there surface has no green color. In aspect of six kinds of Scutellaria plants in Taiwan, the results showed that they were generally inclusive of baicalin, baicalein and wogonin only except of S. taiwanensis was excluded wogonin. In baicalin content analysis, S. tashiroi (3.69 ± 0.71 mg/g) was the highest, followed by S. austrotaiwanensis (3.25 ± 0.56 mg/g) and S. barbata (1.80 ± 0.30 mg/g), the other three were less than 1 mg/g. In conclusion, the Scutellariae Radix with good quality could be complete and could not exist green color on there surface. The medicinal and pharmaceutical market of quality control, the initial visual inspection criteria would also be conducted to ensure good quality of Scutellariae Radix. On the other hand, the study also shows that S. tashiroi and S. austrotaiwanensis were worth developing in the future. In aspect of chemotaxonomy, S. austrotaiwanensis and S. playfairi were very similar in their out of appearance. Only serrated leaf margins on visual observation were different and difficult to distinguish. According to the HPLC fingerprint comparison, these two species were showed different results, depending on the evolution of the chemotaxonomy display that they should be considered as two different species.

並列關鍵字

Scutellariae Radix ； Scutellaria Plants in Taiwan ； HPLC fingerprint ； Quality evaluation

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臺灣市售黃芩藥材及臺灣黃芩屬植物的高壓液相層析指紋圖譜分析及品質評價研究

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