Genetic Studies on Amylose Content and Amylographic Breakdown Viscosity of Milled Rice by Means of Generation Mean Analysis

白米直鏈澱粉含量與澱粉糊崩解黏度之世代平均值法遺傳研究

郭益全(Yih-Chuan Kuo) ； 偉伯比爾(Bill D. Webb) ； 史譚索詹姆士(James W. Stansel)

《中華農業研究》 46卷2期 (1997/06) Pp. 99-115

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199706.0001

摘要

直鏈澱粉含量及澱粉糊崩解黏度是稻米食用與加工品質判定的重要指標。本研究以Gulchow及Lemont為親本所建構成之P1、P2、F1、F2、BC1及BC2等六個族群為材料，進行稻米直鏈澱粉含量及澱粉糊崩解黏度之遺傳研究。經由世代平均值之分析推得直鏈澱粉含量之遺傳符合累加性－顯性之遺傳機制，而澱粉糊崩解黏度則未符合累加性－顯性之遺傳機制。直鏈澱粉含量方面，在累加性及顯性等兩種基因效應中，是以累加性效應較強，而高直鏈澱粉含量是為顯性。而澱粉糊崩解黏度除累加性及顯性等兩種基因效應外，尚發現有累加性×顯性交感存在，其中，累加性及顯性等兩種基因效應約相等，而低澱粉糊崩解黏度為顯性。由各後裔族群各該性狀頻度分布之觀察與卡方測定之結果則指出：高直鏈澱粉含量由一對不完全顯性基因所控制；而澱粉糊崩解黏度則未能符合一對不完全顯性基因控制之遺傳假說。

關鍵字

直鏈澱粉含量 ； 澱粉糊崩解黏度 ； 白米 ； 世代平均值

並列摘要

Amylose content and amylographic breakdown viscosity are important parameters for predicting eating and processing quality of rice. A total of 6 populations, P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2, derived from two rice cultivars Guichow and Lemont, were used as experimental materials to elucidate the genetic information about the two endosperm characteristics. Genetic mechanism of two studied endosperm characteristics deduced from generation mean analysis were different. An additive-dominance genetic model was perfectly adequate to describe the amylose content data set, and inadequate to the data set of amylographic breakdown viscosity. Conclusion inferred suggested that amylose content of milled rice was mainly controlled by additive gene effect although dominant gene effect was also involved. Furthermore, the gene producing high amylose content was dominant. On the other hand, additive, dominant and additive×dominant interaction were involved to differentiate the level of amylographic breakdown viscosity among materials studied and additive and dominant gene effects were more or less equal. It was also found that low amylographic breakdown viscosity was dominant. A genetic hypothesis deduced from the distribution observation and Chisquare test indicated that a segregation ratio resulting from one single incompletely dominance gene in controlling amylose content was confirmed, and, however, was not confirmed in differentiating amylographic breakdown viscosity.

並列關鍵字

Amylose content ； Amylographic breakdown viscosity ； Milled rice ； Generation mean